THE BABOONS. 267 
Cynocephalus anubis, Waterh., Mamm., Zool. Soc. Lond. (2), p. 
8 (1838) ; Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 34 (1870). 
Cynocephalus olivaceus, Is. Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 34 
(1851); id. Arch. Mus., v., p. 543, note (1848). 
Papio anubis, Schi., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 125 (1876). 
Characters.—Snout very elongated ; nape of the neck crested. 
Face black; general colour uniform olive-green ; the hairs being 
grey at the base and ringed higher up with bars of black and 
yellow ; arms and legs like the back ; the naked hands and feet 
flesh-colour. 
Distribution.—Interior of West Africa. Lagos, in the Bight of 
Benin, is the port from which this species is generally shipped 
to Europe. 
Habits—The Anubis Baboon is not a common species in 
captivity, as the natives are terribly afraid of its strength and 
ferocity. ‘The animals wander about in companies, inhabiting 
chiefly the dry, rocky, mountainous regions in the interior of 
West Africa, feeding on the peculiar vegetation that they find 
there ; digging up the roots of grasses, and gnawing with their 
strong jaws the roots and stems of an extraordinary short, 
woody, top-shaped plant, known as Wewitschia, which produces 
in its youth two leaves, and never more in its lifetime, though 
attaining to a great age. They feed also on the Scytonema, a 
moisture-storing plant, which grows only on rocks. Though 
affecting dry, rocky regions from choice, the Anubis Baboons 
often descend in large hordes to the cultivated country, and 
ravage the gardens of the natives. 
Mr. Darwin, in describing the expression of pleasure, joy, and 
affection in Monkeys, observed that, when they were pleased, 
the form of the lips differed a little from that when they were 
angered. In the case of an Anubis Baboon which was first 
