101 



When the rays are solid and jointless they are termed 

 spines ; when they are jointed they are articulate^ and are 

 termed soft rays. The latter are either branched or simple ; 

 when the branch is divided at the base it is said to be 

 Y-shaped, and is counted as one ray. 



Terms relating to the Teeth. 



Teeth are sometimes arranged in bands and patches, or in 

 single or in many series, and may be found on mandibles, 

 maxillaries, vomer, palatines, or tongue ; or they may be 

 absent in one or all of the situations named. They are 

 villiform when very fine, or minute conical teeth arranged 

 in a band ; setiform shaped, like a bristle ; granular, 

 small molar ^ teeth ; incisors., front cutting teeth ; canines^ 

 large projecting dog-like teeth ; pavement-like, as in cer- 

 tain of the sharks. 



Terms relating to the Scales. 



Margins simple, cycloid; margins serrated or toothed, 

 ctenoid; scales with hardened plates of bony enamel, 

 ganoid; scales modified into spines, scutes. 



Abbreviations. 



* Edible fish. * * Principal edible fish forming market 

 supply. 



(A.) Common to Australia and Tasmania. (Z.) Inhabits 



New Zealand. 

 (A.Z.) Common to Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. 

 (T.) Peculiar to Tasmania. (E.) Found also in the waters 



of the Northern Hemisphere. (I.) Introduced. 

 B. Branchiostegals. D. Dorsal fin. A. Anal fin. V. Ventral 



fin. P. Pectoral fin. C. Caudal fin. 

 L. lat. refers to the series of scales along the lateral line. 

 L. tr. The series of scales transversely, counting usually 



from first spine of dorsal obhquely across side to vent. 



The • or : indicates the division and the number of scales 



on either side of lateral line. 

 - The hyphen between figures, that the characters vary to 



the extent indicated by the figures. 

 : When this sign occurs between figures, thus — D. 17 : 34, 



it indicates that the dorsal fin has two divisions, 17 rays, 



usually spines, in the first division, and 84 rays, usually 



soft branching rays., in second division. 



• When this sign occurs between figures, thus— A. 3*9, it 

 indicates that, although not properly separated into two 

 divisions, the first series of rays are spinous, and the series 

 after the period are soft simple or branched rays. 



I. II. III. IV. V. VI. When Roman figures are used, thus — 

 D. 17 : 4-12 : VI., they indicate that there are six finlets 

 behind the regular divisions of the dorsal fin, as in the 

 Barracouta. 



CcBC. pylor. refers to the pyloric appendages, which are short, 

 skinny, cord-like, closed tubes attached to the stomach of 

 some fishes. In the genus Salmo they exist in consider- 

 able number. 



