1918] Crampton — Genitalia of Male Neuroptera, etc. 55 



correspond to the paraprocts "pa" of the Neuroptera (Fig. 15, 

 "pa"), although the elongate basal segment "g" of the gonopod of 

 the very primitive INIecopteron Merope (Fig. 24) is nothing like 

 the paraprocts in character, and this casts some doubt upon 

 the supposition that the basal segment of the gonopods of the 

 Mecoptera in general corresponds to the paraproct. 



As was mentioned above, it is very strange that no Neuroptera 

 have been described in which the gonopods are of the type repre- 

 sented in Merope (Fig. 2-1-, "g") which is a very primitive Mecop- 

 teron in many respects, since the tendency toward the develop- 

 ment of forceps-like gonopods occurs in many Mecoptera, Dip- 

 tera, Trichoptera and other forms descended from Neuropteron- 

 like forebears. The gonopods "g" of such Mecoptera as Merope 

 (Fig. 24) are apparently the prototypes of those found in certain 

 Diptera such as the Chironomid Clunio (Fig. 25, "g"). The oc- 

 currence of this type of gonopod in the Diptera lends further 

 weight to the view that the Mecoptera are very like the ancestors 

 of the Diptera. 



Some Trichoptera have well developed gonopods, such as those 

 of Philopotamus (Fig. 30, "g"), as might be expected from other 

 evidence that the Trichoptera are rather closely related to the 

 gonopod-bearing Mecoptera, both groups having apparently de- 

 cended from Neuropteroid ancestors. The structures labeled 

 "cl" occurring on either side of the supraanal plate "sa" of 

 Philopotamus (Figs. 30 and 13) resemble cerci in some respects; 

 but have been provisionally homologized with the clasper lobes 

 "cl" of other forms. Klapalek, 1903, refers to similar appendages 

 in the Trichoptera as the "appendices prteanales." 



As far as the relationships of the orders here discussed are con- 

 cerned, I would maintain that the Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Dip- 

 tera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera constitute a superorder, the 

 Panneuroptera, certain of whose members exhibit a tendency to- 

 ward the formation of hairs or scales on the wings {e. g., certain 

 Myrmeleonids, a few Panorpids, the Psychodid Diptera, etc., in 

 addition to many Trichoptera, and most Lepidoptera) , and in most 

 of which the meso-thoracic coxae, at least, are divided into a 

 veracoxa and merocoxa (see Crampton and Hasey, 1915, "The 

 Basal Segments of the Leg in Insects;" Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat., 

 39, p. 1-), the mesothoracic and meta-thoracic coxse are usually 



