1918] Grinnell — Variations in the Genus Vanessa (Pyrameis) 111 



Vanessa (Pyrameis) caryae Hiibner. 

 This species is well known in its typical form as figured by Hol- 

 land, Wright, Letcher and Essig. Its range extends along the 

 Pacific Coast from Vancouver and British Columbia to Chili, being 

 especially abundant in California. It is recorded in Skinner's 

 Catalogue from "Ariz., Nev., Utah," but I have seen no specimens 

 from these regions, and do not know of any authentic records. 

 Nor have I seen any specimens from the western coast of South 

 America, where a knowledge of the variations would be of particular 

 interest in the evolutionary study of the species. The species 

 varies in size but there seems to be no correlation between the size 

 and marking variation. The normal or typical caryoe seems to be 

 characterized especially by the extent of the black markings of the 

 primaries and the large submarginal black eye spots of the second- 

 aries, only slightly pupilated with bluish scales, not white. 



Vanessa caryse var. muelleri Letcher. 



This variation as described by Letcher (4) varies from the normal 

 form of caryoe, which is the commonest, in the extension of the ful- 

 vous color of the basal portion of the forewings and the nearly 

 complete elimination of the black markings in this area. The 

 apical white spots develop into dashes extending towards the 

 outer margin. The large fulvous spot or series of spots in the 

 costo-apical black field is still present. There is an additional 

 large fulvous patch or two patches (usually) just below the row of 

 apical white spots. The black marginal band is connected with 

 the costo-apical black area by a rather broad black area. On the 

 secondaries the black encircled blue spots become white or bluish- 

 white, and there is a shght extension of the black in the upper 

 portion. The specimens figured by Essig are not this but belong 

 to the following variation. 



Of the typical muelleri variation I have seen specimens from the 

 following localities: — LaFayette Square, San Francisco, August 

 1914 (Cottle); Los Angeles, July 1915 (Karl Skolfield); 18th Street 

 Square, San Francisco, October 8, 1917 (Huguenin) ; San Francisco, 

 October 17, 1917 (Huguenin). 



Vanessa caryae var. intermedia var. nov. 



This intermediate variety between the typical caryoe and typical 

 muelleri differs in having basal traces or remnants of the black 



