vou. xt.] MOULTS OF BRITISH PASSERES. 33 
There is no sexual difference in the plumage, and the winter 
and summer plumages are alike. 
JUVENILE.—In coloration like the adult and only dis- 
tinguishable by the looser structure of the feathers. 
First Winter.— The juvenile body-feathers, median and 
lesser wing-coverts and innermost secondaries are moulted 
from July or October, but not the rest of the wings nor the 
tail. First winter birds are like adults. 
Genus Sylvia. 
Tue adults of all the British species of this genus have a 
complete moult usually from July to September, but in 
some cases extending to October and November, and even 
December. From January to March in most species there 
is another moult either complete or partial. In the Orphean, 
Garden-Warbler, and usually in the Whitethroat it is 
complete. In the Subalpine there is no moult, while with 
regard to the Dartford Warbler I cannot be definite owing 
to want of material. In all the other species the body- 
feathers moult, some moult all the wing-coverts, others only 
certain series, some moult some of the inner secondaries, 
and some the central and other tail-feathers. 
The moult from juvenile to first winter always includes 
the body-feathers and lesser and median wing-coverts and 
in many of the species the greater wing-coverts and innermost 
secondaries also, but in none are the tail-feathers or other 
wing-feathers moulted. In all the species except the Garden- 
Warbler and Lesser Whitethroat the males and females 
differ in plumage. In the Barred, Orphean, and Garden- 
Warblers and Whitethroat there are differences in the 
summer and winter plumage, but in the other species there 
is no seasonal difference. The juveniles are more like the 
adult female than the adult male when there is a sexual 
difference in the adults. Broadly the juveniles are more 
uniform, browner and duller than the adults. First winter 
birds can generally be distinguished from the adults by small 
differences, and usually the male is more distinct from the 
adult male, than the female is from the adult female, but in 
the Subalpine Warbler the first winter female is the more 
distinct. First summer birds can be distinguished from 
adults only in the Whitethroat and Subalpine Warbler. 
BARRED WARBLER (Sylvia nisoria). 
ApDULTS.—Complete moult in July and August. In April, 
and probably also earlier, a moult takes place which varies 
greatly individually. The body-feathers are mostly renewed 
and a varying number of tail-feathers, inner secondaries 
D 
