J4 : BRITISH BIRDS. —_—S_s=i[VoL. xt. 
and lesser, median and greater wing-coverts, but the primary- 
coverts and primaries are not moulted. The adult female 
in winter differs from the adult male in winter by the upper- 
parts being browner, not so greyish, the feathers with less 
noticeable pale tips, the tail-feathers browner with smaller 
and duller white tips; on the under-parts the barring is 
more restricted in the female, being confined to the sides of 
the breast and flanks and the bars are paler and less prominent; 
the wing-feathers and wing-coverts are browner and their 
tips less white. In summer the adult female becomes much 
like the adult winter male, while the male becomes more 
barred than in winter both on the upper- and under-parts, 
and the new tail-feathers are greyer and have more white 
at the tips. 
JUVENILE.—Upper-parts brown, the feathers with rusty 
tips; the under-parts more buffish especially on the breast 
than in the adults and with no bars; the tail- and wing- 
feathers as in the adult winter female, the greater wing- 
coverts brown with buff edgings and tips, and the median 
and lesser wing-coverts uniform brown. 
First WintErR.—The juvenile body-feathers, lesser and 
median wing-coverts and some inner greater coverts are 
moulted in July, but not the primary-coverts, wing- or tail- 
feathers. First winter birds of both sexes are like the adult 
winter female, but the males are perhaps slightly greyer on 
the upper-parts, wings and tail and the females usually have 
no trace of bars on the under-parts. ; 
First SummMEeR.—Moult as in the adult after which there 
is no certain distinction between first summer and adults. 
ORPHEAN WARBLER (S. h. hortensis). 
’ Apuitts.—Complete moult from July to September 
From February to April (sometimes May) another complete 
moult takes place. The female differs from the male in 
having a less dark crown, rather browner upper-parts, wings 
and tail, and the buff of the under-parts of a more brownish 
and less pinkish tinge. The winter and summer plumages 
are alike, except that in summer the crown is darker (in 
both sexes) than it is in winter. 
JUVENILE.—Whole upper-parts including the crown, wing- 
coverts and innermost secondaries uniform and darker brown 
than in the adult female, the buff of the flanks and under 
tail-coverts a shade paler than in the adult female. 
First WintErR.—The juvenile body-feathers, wing-coverts, 
and innermost secondaries are moulted from June to August 
but not the primary-coverts, nor the rest of the wing-feathers 
nor the tail. First winter birds of both sexes resemble the 
Nts 

