vot. x1.} MOULTS OF BRITISH PASSERES. 35 
adult winter female, but the crown is browner and almost 
uniform with the rest of the upper-parts. 
First SummMer.—Moult as in the adult after which they 
cannot be distinguished from adults. 
GARDEN-WARBLER (8S. borin). 
ApvuLts.—Complete moult from July to September. 
From December to March (occasionally April) another 
complete moult takes place. There is no sexual difference 
in the plumage. The new spring plumage is like that of 
winter, but the upper-parts are more earth-brown and less 
olivaceous than in winter. Abrasion both in summer and 
winter makes the upper-parts greyer-brown, and the under- 
parts paler. 
JUVENILE.—Like the adults, but the upper-parts of a 
more yellowish-brown and often with a rusty tinge, the buff 
of the breast and flanks darker than in the adults and tinged 
olivaceous, the edgings of the wing-coverts and wing-feathers 
more rusty-brown. 
First WintEeR.—The juvenile body-feathers, lesser and 
median wing-coverts, inner greater coverts and innermost 
secondaries are moulted from July to September, but not 
the primary-coverts nor the rest of the wing-feathers nor 
the tail. First winter birds are like the adults, but can 
sometimes be distinguished by the rusty tinge on the edgings 
of the primaries, primary-coverts and outer greater coverts 
when not too abraded. 
BuackeaP (S. a. atricapilla). 
Apvuuts.—Complete moult from July to September. From 
January to March (occasionally April), the body-feathers, 
from one to four of the innermost secondaries and a varying 
number of inner greater wing-coverts are moulted, but not 
the rest of the wing-coverts or wing-feathers, nor the tail- 
feathers. The female differs from the adult male in having 
the crown bright red-brown instead of jet-black, and the 
upper-parts more olive-brown and less greyish, and the 
under-parts more tinged brownish. Summer and winter 
plumages are alike, but abrasion makes the upper-parts paler. 
JUVENILE.—Much like the adult female, but in males the 
crown is more blackish-brown, and in females more yellowish- 
brown; the mantle and edges and tips of the wing-coverts 
are more rusty-brown (not so olive); the breast and flanks 
are considerably darker; the belly duller and the under 
tail-coverts and axillaries more buffish. 
First WintER.—The juvenile body-feathers and wing- 
coverts (but usually not the outer greater coverts) are moulted 
from June to September, but not the primary-coverts, nor 
