Lae BRITISH BIRDS. —_ [vor xr. 
differs from the adult male in being more tinged with brown 
on the upper-parts including the crown and nape, which are 
not so jet-black ; the primary-coverts and wing-feathers are 
much browner than in the adult, and the fringes of the tail- 
feathers are not such a pure grey. The first winter female 
differs from the adult female by being browner on the crown, 
upper-parts, wings and tail. 
First SummerR.—Moult as in the adult but sometimes 
the whole tail moults. After the moult the male is difficult 
to distinguish from the adult, but the wing-feathers are — 
browner though not so distinctly different as in winter owing 
to the adults’ wings becoming browner by fading. The 
female becomes practically indistinguishable from the adult. 
SUBALPINE WARBLER (S. c. cantillans). 
ADULTS.—Complete moult from July to September. 
No moult in spring. The female is greyish-brown on the 
upper-parts instead of ash-grey as in the male; the white 
moustachial streak is not so distinct; the under-parts are 
much less pink and the wings and tail are browner. 
JUVENILE.—Like the adult female but still browner on 
the upper-parts, and the under-parts buff with the chin 
and centre of the belly whitish ; the fringes of the tail- and 
wing-feathers and wing-coverts more rusty-brown than 
in the adult female. 
First WinTER.—The juvenile body-feathers, lesser and 
median wing-coverts and probably the greater wing-coverts 
and some innermost secondaries are moulted in August and 
September but not the primary-coverts, wing- and _ tail- 
feathers. The first winter male is very much like the adult 
male but the wing- and tail-feathers are browner and their 
fringes more rusty-brown. The first winter and summer 
female is browner on the upper-parts than the adult female 
and the under-parts are paler and with no pink, the lores, 
chin, throat and centre of the belly being buffish-white, 
the breast pale buff and the flanks rather brighter buff; the 
fringes of the wing- and tail-feathers are more rusty-brown. 
In this plumage the bird can easily be confused, especially 
in autumn, with unusually brown females of the Lesser 
Whitethroat. The latter, however, are slightly larger, have 
rather longer first primaries and darker lores and ear-coverts ; 
moreover, close examination of the Subalpine shows the 
presence of a pure white moustachial stripe in contrast to the 
more buffish-white of the chin and throat. 
DARTFORD WARBLER (S. w. dartfordiensis). 
ApuLTSs.—Complete moult from August to November. 
Apparently no moult in spring, but one specimen of. 

