VOL. XI. | MOULTS OF BRITISH PASSERES. 41 
from the male in the crown and mantle being usually browner 
and not so black, the sides of the chin and throat more spotted, 
the breast and flanks browner not so black, edgings of wing- 
feathers and wing-coverts duller and less chestnut. Abrasion 
of the pale edgings and tips of the feathers of the upper-parts, 
- breast and flanks makes these parts in summer darker. 
JUVENILE.—The feathers of the upper-parts are brown- 
black with buff shaft-streaks, and those of the sides of the 
mantle and scapulars with most of their centres rufous-buff, 
rump buffish-brown with paler centres and dark tips, upper 
tail-coverts dark brown with pale shaft-streaks and narrow 
grey tips, the eye-stripe is much less distinct than in the 
adult and is spotted with black, the cheeks, sides of neck 
and throat are heavily spotted with brown-black, the feathers 
of the breast and flanks have roundish black tips instead 
of having the centres black as in the adult. The outer-webs 
of the wing-feathers and greater wing-coverts are less chestnut, 
the median, lesser and inner greater coverts have pale shaft- 
streaks. Females are browner on the upper-parts and have 
duller edgings to the wing-feathers and greater wing-coverts. 
First Wintrer.—The juvenile body-feathers, lesser and 
median and varying number of inner greater wing-coverts 
are moulted from August to October, but not the rest of 
the greater wing-coverts, nor the primary-coverts, wing- 
or tail-feathers. First winter males are much like adult 
females, but the amount and richness of the chestnut 
on the wings. is intermediate between the adult male and 
female. Some of the greater wing-coverts often have pale 
shaft-marks at the tip, and the median coverts usually 
have pale mesial lines. The first winter female is browner 
on the upper-parts than the adult female, the breast is 
more rusty-brown and less blackish, the sides of the belly 
and flanks are often spotted, the tail and wings browner 
and the edgings more buffish than in the adult : shaft-streaks 
on the greater and median wing-coverts. 
Genus Monticola. 
Rock-TurusH (M. saxatilis). 
ApuLts.—Complete moult from July to September. from 
December to March the body-feathers are moulted, and 
occasionally a few of the median and lesser wing-coverts, 
but not the rest of the wings nor the tail. In winter-plumage 
the sexes are not strikingly different, but the female is paler 
brown on the upper-parts and with scarcely any tinge of the 
slate-blue, which is present on the feathers of the male, 
though mostly concealed in fresh plumage by the brown 
and buff tips ; in the female the feathers of the lower mantle 
