78 BRITISH BIRDS. [VOL. XI. 
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES BREEDING 
IN LATIUM. 
RAVEN (Corvus c. corax).—Mediterranean to montane. 
Hoopep Crow (Corvus c. corniaz).—Mediterranean to lower montane. 
JACKDAW (Coleus m. spermologus).—A local species, hardly entering 
the submontane zone; apparently it does not extend up the Aniene 
valley above Tivoli, where it nests in the rocks. 
Macpix (Pica p. pica).—Mediterranean and submontane. 
Jay (Garrulus g. glandarius).—Mediterranean to montane: local 
in the Mediterranean, like Robin and Chiffchaff. 
CHoucu (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax).—Subalpine or alpine: apparently 
the cliffs which it inhabits belong to the former Zone. 
SrarRLine (Sturnus v. vulgaris).— Mediterranean. This species, 
breeding near the coast, is an exception to the rule that northern 
species seek the higher zones: it occurs as a winter visitor in the 
submontane zone. . 
GoLDEN ORIOLE (Oriolus o. ortiolus).— Mediterranean and sub- 
montane. 
HawFincw (Coccothraustes c. coccothraustes).—Submontane and 
montane. 
GREENFINCH (Chloris ch. chloris)—Mediterranean to montane. 
GOLDFINCH (Carduelis c. carduelis)—Mediterranean to montane. 
LINNET (C. c. mediterranea).—Mediterranean (here almost confined 
to the coast), submontane and montane. 
SERIN (Serinus c. serinus).—Mediterranean to montane, reaching the 
tree-limit (1850 m.) on M. Autore. 
BuuuFince (Pyrrhula p. europea).—Montane. 
CHAFFINCH (Fringilla c. caelebs).—Mediterranean to montane. 
SNOWFINCH (Montifringilla n. nivalis),—Alpine zone. 
TREE-SPaRROW (Passer m. montanus).— Mediterranean and sub- 
montane. 
ITALIAN Sparrow (P. ttalic).—Absent from Vallepietra (800 m.), 
but plentiful in Filettino (1,000 m.) and Guadagnolo (1,200 m.), the 
latter being the highest village in the Province. 
Rock-Sparrow (Petronia p. petronia).—Mediterranean to lower 
montane. 
Corn-Buntine (Emberiza c. calandra).—Mediterranean to lower 
montane. 
YELLOw Buntine (£. c. citrinella).—Montane. 
Crrt Buntine (£. cirlus)—Mediterranean to lower montane. 
ORTOLAN Buntine (2. hortwlana).—Submontane and lower montane 
Rock-Buntine (H. cia)—Submontane and montane. 
CaLANDRA LARK (Melanocorypha c. calandra).—Mediterranean. 
SHORT-TOED LARK (Calandrella b. brachydactyla).—Mediterranean. 
CresteD Lark (Galerida c. cristata).—Mediterranean and sub- 
montane. 
Woop-LarK (Lullula arborea).—Mediterranean (local in the lower 
parts), submontane and montane. 
Sky-Lark (Alauda arvensis ? subsp. ).—Mediterranean to montane : 
seen up to 1,600m. 
Tawny Prerr (Anthus c. campestris)—Mediterranean and sub: 
montane. 
_TReEE-Prrrr (A. t.' trivialis)—Montane, reaching just into the top 
of the submontane. 
