( 105 ) 
THE MOULTS AND SEQUENCE OF PLUMAGES 
OF THE BRITISH WADERS. 
BY 
ANNIE C. JACKSON, HON. MEM., B.0.U. 
Part ITI. 
In the descriptions of plumage in these articles I have 
adopted some of the colour names from Ridgway’s Color 
Standards and Color Nomenclature where I have judged these 
names would be intelligible to the reader to whom Ridgway’s 
book is not accessible. 
GENus Gilareola. 
ComMon PRATINCOLE (Glareola p. pratincola). 
Apuutts.—Complete moult in autumn, in some prolonged into. 
winter. From December to June there is a partial moult involving 
the body-feathers (not all scapulars, nor all tail-coverts), occasionally 
the tail-feathers, some innermost secondaries and coverts, some median 
and lesser coverts, but not the rest of the wings. There is little 
difference in coloration between the winter and summer plumages. 
In summer plumage the feathers of the crown, nape and sides of neck 
are without tawny edges, the chin and throat are light buff deepening 
to warm buff at the sides, without sepia streaks as in winter plumage ; 
a well defined black line (faintly edged white) extends from the anterior 
corner of the eye and encircles the throat; in the male the lores are 
black instead of warm buff as in winter, anda very narrow black line, 
absent in winter plumage, extends from the lores along the upper 
mandible almost to the external opening of the nares; in the female 
the line is absent and the lores are olive-brown. The sexes are alike 
in winter plumage. 
N.B.—One April specimen examined was moulting the primaries, 
another May specimen had half the secondaries new. 
JUVENILE. — Male and female.— Resembling the adult in winter 
plumage, but the upper-parts, innermost secondaries and coverts 
(not upper tail-coverts which are as in the adult) olive-brown, the 
feathers shaded centrally or subterminally with sepia or black-brown, 
and tipped and notched creamy or light buff, instead of being uniform 
olive-brown ; feathers of crown and nape with narrow tawny edges 
as in the adult; from the front of the eye to the opening of the nares 
a warm buffstreak, some of the feathers spotted sepia; immediately 
in front of, and passing below, eye a black-brown or sepia line, continuous 
with a series of more or less pronounced sepia or black-brown streaks 
encircling the throat as in adult; chin and throat as in the adult but 
streaks narrower and in some absent; feathers of upper-breast fawn or 
pale olive-brown with black-brown or sepia marks towards tip and edged 
white or buff, the rest of the breast warm or light buff (in the adult 
the breast is fawn, the™ feathers faintly tinged buff and narrowly 
edged tawny, lower breast buff); tail-feathers darker olive-brown than 
in the adult and usually with subterminal black-brown markings and 
edged light buff, the two outer pairs shorter and broader, not so long 
and tapering as in the adult, with rounded tips and only slightly 
emarginated on the inner webs, the olive-brown tips of the tail not so. 
extensive as in the adult and the white bases proportionately greater ; 
K 
