vou. x1.} MOULTS OF BRITISH WADERS. 107 
Little Ringed Plover and the Killdeer Plover, in which the 
coloration of the summer plumage is the same as that of the 
winter. The sexes are alike in plumage in the Dotterel (except 
in summer plumage when the female on the whole is the more 
brilliant), Caspian Plover, Ringed and Semi-palmated Plover 
in summer plumage, Little Ringed Plover and Killdeer 
Plover, and in the winter plumages of the Golden Plovers. The 
juvenile plumage resembles that of the adult winter, but is dis- 
tinguishable from it. The first-winter plumage, which usually 
resembles the adult winter plumage; is acquired by a moult 
in autumn involving the body-feathers, in some the tail- 
feathers, some innermost secondaries and coverts, and some 
median and lesser coverts. The first-winter bird is not to be 
distinguished with certainty in the Killdeer Plover, and the 
three Golden Plovers: in the Little Ringed Plover the first- 
winter bird is easily distinguished from the adult by the 
absence of the black band on the forepart of the crown, in 
the Kentish Plover both sexes resemble the adult female, but 
are distinguished by the retained juvenile wing-coverts, a 
character by which the first-winter birds of the remaining 
members of this group may be recognized from the adults, 
which they otherwise resemble. 
The spring-moult is practically the same as that of the 
adult, and first summer birds can only be distinguished when 
the edges to the juvenile wing-coverts are not too abraded. 
DoTTEREL (Ch. morinellus). 
ApuLts.—Complete moult from July to November. From March to 
June there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (occasionally 
one or two odd white winter feathers are retained in the centre of the 
breast), sometimes the central pair of tail-feathers, some innermost 
secondaries and coverts, some median and lesser coverts, but not all 
the scapulars nor the rest of the tail or wings. Winter and summer 
plumages are distinct. The female is slightly larger than the male 
and in summer plumage is usually more brilliant, in winter plumage 
the sexes are alike in coloration. 
JUVENILE.—Male and female.—The juvenile resembles the adult 
in winter plumage, but the crown is blackish instead of dark sepia, 
and the feathers are plentifully margined with sandy-isabelline instead of 
pinkish-cinnamon as in the adult: mantle, scapulars and inner- 
most secondaries blackish-brown, instead of ash-brown, and the feathers 
fringed sandy-isabelline and cream, instead of pinkish-cinnamon 
as in the adult; cheeks, throat and sides of neck creamy or warm 
buff narrowly streaked dusky, not streaked sepia as in the adult; 
ash-brown feathers of breast fringed paler buff than in the adult, 
feathers with central streaks and shadings of sepia or subterminal 
sepia bars, most pronounced at sides of breast, while the belly is buff 
or buffy-white, not white as in the adult ; median coverts sepia edged 
sandy or light buff, not ash-brown edged pinkish-cinnamon as in 
the adult. 
First Winter.—Male and female.—The body-feathers, sometimes 
the central pair of tail-feathers, some innermost secondaries and 
