108 BRITISH BIRDS. [VOL XI. 
coverts, and some median and lesser coverts are moulted from 
September to November ; but not all the scapulars nor all the feathers 
of the back and rump, nor the rest of the tail or wings. After this 
moult the birds are like the adults, but distinguishable by the retained 
juvenile median coverts, which differ from those of the adult as already 
described. 
First SuMMER.—Plumage as in adult summer and moult as in adult. 
First summer birds may only be distinguished from adults when the 
faded buff edges of the retained juvenile median coverts are not too 
abraded. 
CASPIAN. PLOVER (Ch. asiaticus). 
ApuLts.—Complete moult in autumn. From December to May 
there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (not all the 
scapulars), apparently sometimes the tail, some innermost secondaries 
and coverts, some median and lesser coverts, but not the rest of the 
wings. Winter and summer plumages are distinct and the sexes 
are alike. 
JUVENILE.—Male and female-—Much like the adult in winter 
plumage, but the upper-parts olive-brown, the feathers plentifully 
edged creamy and sandy-buff (in the adult the upper-parts are 
buff-brown, the feathers edged sandy-buff but without the creamy 
edges) ; in some juveniles the eye-stripe, cheeks, chin and throat and 
sides of neck are warm buff, in others cream-buff as in the adult, 
which has, however, the chin and throat cream-white; wings as 
in the adult, but the innermost secondaries and coverts, median and 
lesser coverts edged cream, not sandy-buff as in the adult. 
First Winter.—Male and female—The juvenile body-plumage 
(but not all the scapulars, and apparently not the feathers of the 
back and rump), sometimes the central pair of tail-feathers, some 
innermost secondaries and coverts, and some median and lesser 
coverts are moulted in autumn, but apparently not the rest of the 
tail or wings. The birds now become like the adults, but may be 
distinguished by the worn cream edges (least abraded on the inner- 
most median coverts) of the retained juvenile wing-coverts. 
First SumMER.—Moult as in the adults, after which they apparently 
become like the adults, but may be distinguished by the edges of the 
retained juvenile median coverts when not too abraded. (N.B.—No 
first summer female examined.) 
RiInGED PLoveR (Ch. hiaticula). 
Aputts.—Complete moult from August to November. From 
March to May there is a partial moult, involving the body-feathers, 
(not all the scapulars), occasionally the tail-feathers, some innermost 
secondaries and coverts, some median and lesser coverts, but not the 
rest of the wings. The winter and summer plumages are alike in 
coloration in the male: in the female in winter the black band below 
the white nuchal collar is less defined and intermixed in some with 
hair-brown feathers, while the feathers at the base of the upper mandible, 
the lores and feathers around and below the eye and the band on the 
forepart of the crown are not black as in summer plumage, but hair- 
brown intermixed with black or blackish-brown feathers with or 
without narrow buff tips, while the pectoral band, which is black in 
summer plumage, is composed of black, sooty-brown and ash-brown 
feathers mostly with white or buff tips. In summer plumage the 
female is like the male. 
N.B.—In some summer males (possibly old birds) the white and 
black bands across the forepart of the crown and the black pectoral 
