vou. x1.} MOULTS OF BRITISH WADERS. 109 
gorget are broader than in others, while the black patch below the eye 
is more extensive. In some females, on the other hand, the black and 
white bands across the forepart of the crown and the black pectoral 
gorget are narrower than in others, while the patch below the eye 
may be intermixed with hair-brown feathers. 
Two adult winter males in my collection have the black band on 
the forepart of the crown and the black pectoral band intermixed with 
a few hair-brown and sooty-brown feathers, those of the pectoral 
band with broad tips of paler brown, buff or white. One female, 
Grand Canary, January 10th, apparently adult, was moulting the 
primaries: the body-plumage was much worn. 
JUVENILE.—Male and female.—Resembles the adult female in winter 
plumage, but,the feathers of the upper-parts, innermost secondaries 
and coverts, and median and lesser coverts (uniform hair-brown in the 
adult), have creamy or sandy-buff margins, while some feathers have 
a sub-terminal shading of darker brown. There is no black on the 
forepart of the crown and the feathers at the base of the upper mandible 
and lores are hair-brown with sandy-buff margins; the band under 
the eye is hair-brown (in some intermixed with black-brown) ; pectoral 
gorget almost incomplete towards the centre of the upper breast, 
which is white washed buff; while the feathers of the sides of the 
gorget are hair-brown (in some intermixed with sooty-brown) with 
light buff, and in some white, tips. 
First WintEerR.—Male and female.—The body-feathers (not all the 
scapulars), the tail-feathers, innermost secondaries and coverts, and 
some median and lesser coverts, are moulted from August to January, 
but not the rest of the wings. In first winter plumage both sexes 
resemble the adults, but may be distinguished by the worn buff edges 
of the retained juvenile wing-coverts. 
N.B.—Some birds of the year examined were moulting primaries 
and details of some of these are given below. They may be considered 
as abnormal both as regards the extent and season of their moult. 
3, 23/2/12, Grand Canary, with second primary in quill, rest new, 
and acquiring some first winter body-feathers. 3, 24/4/71, Gibraltar, 
only now acquiring first winter feathers, moulting tail-feathers and 
with the second primary in quill, the median and lesser coverts worn. 
One (no sex), Accra, April, with second primary in quill and moulting 
tail, with a few black feathers on forepart of crown and gorget, but 
the body-moult seems to have started and stopped. 
; First SummMeEerR.—Moult as in the adult, after which both sexes 
resemble the adults and are only to be distinguished when the buff 
edges to the wing-coverts are not too abraded. 
N.B.—One or two specimens examined were moulting the primaries. 
SEMI-PALMATED RINGED PLOVER (Ch. semipalmatus). 
Apu.Lts.—Complete moult from July to December. From January 
to May there is a partial moult, involving the body-feathers, not all 
the seapulars nor all the feathers of the back and rump (in some the 
back and rump does not appear to be moulted), apparently occasionally 
the tail-feathers, some innermost secondaries and coverts, some median 
and lesser coverts but not the rest of the wings. The male in winter 
plumage has the narrow line at the base of the upper mandible from 
eye to eye drab [not black as in ¢ Ch. hiaticwa]; crown drab, 
black band on forepart of crown [present in Ch. hiaticula] absent 
(in some specimens the forepart of the crown is intermixed with some 
black-brown feathers); black nuchal collar ill-defined and in some 
absent ; patch below eye and pectoral band drab more or less inter- 
mixed with black-brown feathers [not black as in Ch. hiaticula]. The 
