112 BRITISH BIRDS. - [von. XI. 
KaILLDEER PLOVER (Ch. vociferus). 
Aputts.—Complete moult from July to November. From February 
to June there is a partial moult, involving the body-feathers (not all 
the scapulars and apparently not all the feathers of the back and 
rump), some innermost secondaries and coverts, some median and 
lesser coverts, but apparently not the tail-feathers and not the rest 
of the wings. (The spring moult in this species is slow and prolonged 
and in some is not completed.) The winter and summer plumages 
are alike in coloration. The sexes are alike. 
N.B.—Before the spring moult the upper-parts and wings are 
uniform sepia owing to abrasion of the tawny edges. 
JUVENILE.—Male and female.—Like the adult, but the black hand 
on the crown narrower and that on the nape ill-defined; feathers of 
crown, mantle, scapulars, innermost secondaries and coverts sepia 
edged sandy-buff not edged tawny as in the adult; band from lores 
to ear-coverts sepia, intermixed with a few black-brown feathers. 
instead of intermixed with black feathers as in the adult; black 
pectoral bands narrower; median and lesser coverts as in the adult, 
but edged sandy-buff, instead of tawny. 
First Winter.—Male and female.—The juvenile body-plumage 
(not all the scapulars and not the feathers of the back and rump), 
apparently the tail-feathers, some innermost secondaries and apparently 
their coverts, some median and lesser coverts, but not the rest of the 
wings, are moulted from August to October. One specimen examined 
(dated Aug. 13th) was in full body moult, but still had down filaments 
adhering to the central pair of tail-feathers. After this moult the 
birds resemble the adults and are difficult to distinguish with 
certainty. In early winter, the presence of some juvenile median 
and lesser coverts with narrow worn and faded edges as compared with 
the uniformly new wing-coverts of the freshly moulted adult, afford 
a temporary, but not very satisfactory, means of identifying the first 
winter bird. 
First SumMER.—Moult as in the adult after which the birds are not 
to be distinguished from the adults. 
GOLDEN PLOVER (Ch. apricarius). 
ApDULTs.—Complete moult from July to November. From February 
to June there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (not all 
the scapulars and in some specimens not all the body-feathers, some 
winter feathers being retained), sometimes the central pair of tail- 
feathers, occasionally an odd tail-feather, some innermost secondaries 
and coverts, some median and lesser coverts, but not the rest of the 
tail-feathers, nor the wings. The winter and summer plumages are 
distinct. The sexes are alike in winter plumage, but in summer the 
female has the ear-coverts, cheeks and sides of neck more richly 
washed golden, the feathers less plentifully marked sooty-brown, the 
white band down sides of neck absent, sides of breast golden, the 
feathers spotted sepia, the black of the under-parts usually more 
intermixed with white and golden feathers. 
N.B.—It would appear that the Golden Plovers breeding in the 
British Isles never acquire such rich nuptial plumage as those breeding 
on the Continent: but as the series examined of sexed British and 
Continental Golden Plover from breeding localities was small, I merely 
wish to point out this apparent difference in breeding plumage, 
which a larger series of specimens may or may not confirm. In 
all the males from British breeding localities I have examined, the 
black band at the base of the upper mandible was absent or only 
faintly indicated, the lores were white, more or less spotted dusky 
