vou. xr.} MOULTS OF BRITISH WADERS. 115 
and tinged golden, instead of black as in Continental males ; the white 
forehead and eye-stripe were usually more or less washed golden and 
spotted black-brown, the ear-coverts and cheeks black or dusky brown, 
. the feathers with the white bases imperfectly concealed and tinged 
golden, in some the ear-coverts, cheeks and sides of neck were more 
or less washed golden and streaked and spotted dusky brown (in 
Continental males the ear-coverts, cheeks and sides of neck were black 
or sooty-black) ; in British males the white band passing from the eye 
down the sides of the neck to the breast was absent or only imperfectly 
indicated, while the white patch at the sides of the breast was more or 
less plentifully intermixed with golden feathers, spotted and marked 
sepia. In some specimens the under-parts were also intermixed with 
golden feathers, spotted with sepia, while the vent was more or less 
white intermixed with goldenfeathers and an odd black feather, instead 
of black as in the Continental male. The British breeding female 
differs from the Continental breeding female in having no white band 
down the sides of the neck; in having the sides of the breast golden, 
the feathers spetted sepia; while the under-parts are not of such a 
uniform black, but are plentifully intermixed with white and golden 
feathers marked with sepia. 
JUVENILE.—Male and female.—Very like the adult in winter plumage, 
but the golden tips to the feathers of the upper-parts and wing- 
coverts paler; the sides of the face, neck, lower throat and breast paler 
golden and the feathers with triangular dusky-brown spots and 
markings (in the adult the sides of the face and neck are bright golden, 
the feathers with narrow central streaks of dusky-brown, while the 
feathers of the breast are clouded or streaked drab-grey, edged and 
notched golden); flanks dusky-white, tinged pale golden and: barred, 
streaked and marked, in some tipped, dusky (in the adult the flanks 
are white, more or less shaded, or barred drab-grey and notched and 
tipped golden) ; belly and vent white as in the adult or dusky-white, 
the feathers sometimes barred or tipped dusky. 
First Winter.—Male and female-—The juvenile body-feathers 
(not all the scapulars and apparently not the feathers of the back and 
rump), some innermost secondaries and apparently their coverts, 
some median and lesser coverts, but apparently not the tail-feathers 
and not the rest of the wings are moulted from September to November. 
After this moult, the birds cannot be distinguished with certainty 
from the adults, though in early winter the presence of some faded and 
worn wing-coverts and one or more worn scapulars, as compared with 
the uniformly fresh wing-coverts and scapulars of the newly moulted 
adult, afford a temporary, but somewhat uncertain distinguishing 
character. 
AMERICAN GOLDEN PLoverR (Ch. d. dominicus). 
Apvuutts.—Complete moult from August to February. From March 
to July there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (not 
all the scapulars, nor all the feathers of the back and rump), usually 
the central pair of tail-feathers, occasionally an odd tail-feather and 
exceptionally all the tail-feathers, some innermost secondaries and 
coverts, some median and lesser coverts, but not the rest of the wings. 
(In some specimens some winter body-feathers are retained.) The 
winter and summer plumages are distinct. The sexes are alike in 
winter plumage, but in summer the female has the black of the under- 
parts usually intermixed with white, and the under tail-coverts are 
white with brown or black-brown markings, not black, barred or 
marked with white as in the male. N.B.—The moult of the remiges 
appears to take place in late autumn and winter. 
