VOL. XI.] MOULTS OF BRITISH WADERS. 115 
GENus Squatarola, 
Grey PrLover (Squatarola squatarola). 
ApuLts.—Complete moult from July to December. From February 
to May there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (not all 
the scapulars nor all feathers of the back and rump), usually the tail- 
feathers, some innermost secondaries and coverts,some median and lesser 
coverts, but not the rest of the wings. A few winter body-feathers 
are sometimes retained on the upper- and under-parts especially in 
females. The winter and summer plumages are distinct. The sexes 
are alike in winter plumage, but in summer the female has very small, 
and the male broad, white tips to the feathers of the upper-parts ; in 
the female the black under-parts are largely intermixed with white 
feathers, many of «the feathers have brownish-black, instead of black, 
tips, while the white bases of the feathers are more extensive than in 
the male: the wing-coverts are more narrowly tipped white than in 
the male. 
JuvENILE.—Male and female.—The upper-parts are distinct, but 
the under-parts resemble the adult in winter plumage. Upper-parts 
and innermost secondaries and coverts dark sepia or blackish-brown, 
the feathers notched and edged with pale gold or cream; lower throat 
and breast white, or light buff, in some washed pale golden, the feathers 
with median streaks, barrings and shadings of sepia or dusky-brown, 
some with faint terminal dusky-brown tips; (instead of pale ash-brown, 
with the feathers fringed white, or white with the feathers marked 
and shaded ash-brown, those of throat streaked dusky-brown as in 
the adult); flanks white or pale brown with pale sepia bars and 
markings and shaded same; (in the adult the flanks are white, more 
or less washed ash-brown and with dark shafts, without the bars and 
markings of the juvenile); tail-feathers washed golden and barred 
white and sepia; (instead of barred white and blackish-brown bars 
decreasing and irregular on outer pairs, central pair often washed 
ash-brown, as in the adult); wing as in the adult, but greater coverts 
more narrowly edged white than in the adult, white tips incomplete 
towards centre of tip of feather and white notches larger and more 
pronounced; (in the adult the greater coverts are edged all round and 
slightly notched white) ; median and lesser coverts pale sepia or dusky- 
brown, notched white, cream or golden; (instead of ash-brown edged 
and notched white as in the adult) ; innermost median coverts notched 
at the tip or side of feather with golden or creamy-white (in the adult 
these coverts are tipped and notched white). 
First Winter.—Male and female.—The juvenile body-plumage 
(not all the scapulars and not feathers of back and rump) occasionally 
the tail-feathers, usually some innermost secondaries and coverts, 
some median and lesser coverts, are moulted from September to January, 
but not the rest of the wings. After this moult the birds are like the 
adults from which they are distinguished by the pale golden tips, which 
later fade to white and abrade, to the retained juvenile feathers of the 
rump; (in the adult the rump is ash-brown, the feathers tipped white); 
also by the spear-like shape of one or more very abraded juvenile 
innermost secondaries, which are notched in a peculiar manner owing 
to the abrasion of the creamy-coloured portions ; and by the retained 
juvenile wing-coverts. 
First Summer.—Apparently like the adult, and only to be 
distinguished by the innermost median coverts. Only one male and 
one female were examined, and in both a good many winter 
body-feathers had been retained. The moult is apparently as in the 
adult ; in one specimen the tail-feathers were old and worn, in the other 
one of the central tail-feathers appeared to be new. 
