198 BRITISH BIRDS. [VOL. XI. 
A detailed account of the species of which the longest 
series were examined is appended ; it has not been thought 
worth while to give the species with a small series in detail, 
but the data so obtained are included in the summary given 
below. 
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS. 
Autumn Movutt or ADULTS. 
1. (A) Adults may acquire some winter body-feathers 
before leaving their breeding-grounds: only in rare in- 
stances (one or two examples of C. d. fulvus) is the moult 
of the wing-quills commenced. (B) Many adults leave the 
breeding-haunts showing no moult. 
2. During migration, to winter quarters, in autumn, the 
body-feathers may be renewed, but the wing-quills only 
very rarely; the tail-feathers are occasionally moulted 
(one specimen of the Greater Yellowshank, Bermuda, Oct., 
with one central tail-feather in quill, one Sept., New York, 
moulting the inner primaries, the only bird on migration 
examined which was moulting the wing-quills). 
3. The moult of the remiges and usually the rectrices 
takes place in winter quarters, where the body-moult is 
also completed. 
Spring Mout or ADULTS. 
1. The spring moult begins, and in many cases is 
completed, in the winter quarters. — 
2. Birds moulting the body-feathers, in some the tail- 
feathers, innermost secondaries and wing-coverts, occur on 
migration north. 
3. On arrival at the breeding-haunts the birds are usually 
in full summer plumage and have completed the spring 
moult ; in some cases a few body-feathers may be in quill 
(in one case C. d. dominicus, Alaska, May 14th, the inner- 
most secondaries were also in quill), in others, after an 
interval, the moult starts again, and a few more summer 
body-feathers are acquired. 
JUVENILE. 
Juveniles, with a few exceptions (some examples of 7’. 
erythropus), do not begin the post-juvenile moult before 
leaving the northern breeding-grounds. 
The moult, including the moult of the tail, innermost 
secondaries and wing-coverts, may be commenced, and in 
some completed, during migration, but in others it is com- 
pleted in the winter quarters; in some the moult is not 
begun before the birds arrive at their winter quarters. 
