, 
you. x] MOULTS OF BRITISH WADERS. 229 
Kwort (#. c. canutws). 
ApDULTs.—Complete moult from July to October. From February 
to June there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (not all the 
scapulars or all the feathers of the back, rump and upper tail-coverts), 
sometimes the central pair of tail-feathers, occasionally an odd pair 
of tail-feathers or a single feather, innermost secondaries and coverts 
and some median and lesser coverts, but not the rest of the tail-feathers 
nor the wings; in some specimens a few winter body-feathers are 
retained. The winter and summer plumages are distinct, the sexes 
are alike in winter plumage but in summer the female has the upper- 
parts greyer, the feathers with the greyish-white edges predominating 
and not nearly so richly marked with orange-cinnamon as in the male ; 
under-parts paler and intermixed with a few white feathers, lower belly 
more or less white, vent white; in some specimens the breast, belly 
and flanks are intermixed with a few white feathers (in some, faintly 
tinged russet) with markings and transverse subterminal barrings of 
sepia; under tail-coverts white, in some faintly tinged pale russet, 
with more numerous streaks and markings of black-brown. 
The wings and bills of the female average longer than those of the 
male. 
JUVENILE.—Male and female.—Like the adult in winter plumage 
but the feathers of the upper-parts and innermost secondaries and 
coverts are ash-brown or sepia with darker subterminal borders and 
edged white, cream or buff (not ash-grey, with dark shafts and 
light edges as-in the adult); cheeks and sides of neck usually 
tinged buff and more narrowly streaked dusky or ash-grey than in the 
adult, breast creamy or light buff narrowly streaked and spotted with 
ash-brown; flanks white, irregularly marked and barred ash-brown 
and tinged buff (in the adult the breast is white, the feathers with 
wavy bars, in some narrow streaks, of ashy-brown, and the flanks are 
without the buff tinge and often more heavily barred and marked 
ash-brown); tail-feathers as in the adult, but edged buff; median 
coverts ash-brown mostly, with a subterminal border of dark brown 
and broadly tipped buff or white (not ash-grey fringed white and 
faintly edged white at sides as in adult); lesser coverts sepia or dark 
ash-grey narrowly edged light buff or white (not dark ash-grey narrowly 
edged white as in the adult). 
First Wrinter.—Male and female.—The juvenile body-plumage 
(not all the scapulars), apparently central pair of tail-feathers, some 
innermost secondaries and their coverts, some median and lesser coverts 
but not the rest of the wings or tail-feathers are moulted from September 
to December. After this moult the birds resemble the adults but are 
distinguished by the retained juvenile median and lesser coverts. 
First Summer. — Only one specimen examined (Lincolnshire, 
August 3rd), which was moulting into second winter plumage. It 
was easily distinguished from the adult bird by the presence of one or 
more juvenile scapulars. Moult probably as in the adult. 
Duntin (E. a. alpina). 
ApuLts.—Complete moult from July to November. From March 
to June there is a partial moult involving the body-feathers (not all the 
scapulars or all the feathers of the back and rump), very occasionally 
the central pair of tail-feathers, or an odd tail-feather, sometimes some 
innermost secondaries and coverts, but not the rest of the tail-feathers 
nor the wings. Sometimes a few winter feathers are retained on the 
mantle. The winter and summer plumages are distinct and the sexes 
