Vol. XIV 



19.4 



1 Leach, The Myology of the Bell-Magpie. 31 



vertebra, joins the fourth vertebra in similar way to those ah-eady 

 described, but also passes on to be again attached to the third 

 vertebra. The last section acts in a manner similar to that of 

 the first five. It arises from the fifth vertebra and is inserted 

 into the third. Muscles 128, 129, 130, and 131 are closely related. 

 They constitute, Shufeldt says, " one of the most complicated 

 systems of muscles that I have any knowledge of." 



132. The longus colli anterior [51] [52] forms a somewhat similar 

 complicated structure on the ventral surface. The arrangement 

 in Strepera agrees with that of the Raven, as described by 

 Shufeldt. He divided this muscle into three parts — a vertical 

 portion, a superior oblique, and an inferior obhque portion. The 

 vertical portion is the largest. It arises from the hypapophyses 

 of the tenth to fifteenth vertebras inclusive, runs forward along 

 the neck, to be inserted touching its fellow on the inferior tubercle 

 of the atlas. This division, like the longus colli posticus muscle 

 (128), gives off a system of tendons becoming longer anteriorly. 

 These are attached to the parapophys^s of the vertebrae from the 

 tenth to the fourth inclusive. At its anterior end the muscle 

 gives off tendons to the hypapophyses of the fourth, third, and 

 second vertebrae. It also gives off " accessory fasciculi " down 

 to and including the eighth vertebra. Each arises from the pleura- 

 pophysis of a vertebra, and runs up to join the tendon of the 

 longus colli anterior, which is inserted into the parapophysis of 

 the vertebra next beyond. The superior oblique section of the 

 muscle arises separately from the diapophyses of the fifth, fourth, 

 and third vertebrae. Its fibres run forward, become tendinous, 

 insert into the tubercle of the atlas on the outer side of the inser- 

 tion of the main portion of the muscle. The inferior oblique 

 portion arises, in Strepera, from the transverse processes of the 

 seventh and sixth vertebrae, passes upwards, and is inserted by 

 a very delicate tendon into the parapophysis of the third vertebra. 



133. The rectus capitis lateralis [51] arises from the diapophyses 

 of the 'fifth, fourth, and third cervical vertebrae. It passes 

 obliquely upwards to form a strong tendon which is inserted into 

 the inner tubercle on the basal ridge of the basitemporal. 



134. The trachelo-mastoideus [51] is a well-developed, flattened 

 muscle external to and overlapping the last muscle, the rectus 

 capitis lateralis (133). It arises on the outer side of the last 

 muscle from the diapophyses of the fifth, fourth, third, and second 

 vertebrae. It converges, becomes tendinous, and is inserted into 

 the outer tubercle of the basal ridge of the basitemporal. 



135. The interspinales [53] form a series of small muscles con- 

 necting the neural spines of the vertebrae except in the dorsal 

 region. They are best developed between the anterior and 

 posterior cervical vertebrae. 



136. The interarticulaves [54], as Shufeldt described, extend 

 from the postzygai)0})hysis of one vertebra to that of the next. 



