32 l^iLKcn, The Myology of the Bell-Magpie. [.sf'july 



137. The ohliquo-transver sales [54] are narrow muscles passing 

 obliquely from the transverse process of a cervical vertebra, past 

 the next vertebra, to the postzygapophysis of the vertebra next 

 beyond. 



138. The intertransversales [54] form two sets — {a) short, thick 

 muscles extending between the transverse processes of cervical 

 vertebrae, commencing between the third and fourth vertebrae : 

 (/;) muscles joining the parapophyses of successive cervical 

 vertebrae. 



139. The triangularis sterni [55] is an interesting muscle situated 

 inside the thorax. It arises from the costal process of the 

 sternum, spreads out over the costal ribs, and runs up in four 

 digitations to be inserted one on each of the first four ribs. The 

 first branch is very distinct, and would almost rank as a separate 

 muscle. 



140. The intercostales [55] are small muscles developed between 

 the ribs. The first is the most conspicuous. It arises from the 

 front edge of the first dorsal rib and runs obliquely forward to 

 the last free rib. 



141. The scalenus medius [56] is really the first of the levator es 

 costarum muscles. It arises from the diapophysis and adjacent 

 parts of the eleventh cervical vertebra. The fibres attach firmly 

 to the end of the short free rib, and run on to be inserted into 

 the anterior margin of the long free rib at about the middle third. 



142. The levator es costarum [56] is a series following the scalenus 

 medius. Each arises from the transverse process of a vertebra 

 from the twelfth backward, runs obliquely downward to be 

 inserted in the anterior face of the rib next beyond. They 

 become more feeble posteriorly. 



143. The appendico-costales [56] form a neat set of muscles 

 running from the under side of the epipleural process of the rib 

 to be inserted into the anterior edge of the rib next behind. A 

 strong triangular membrane supports each epipleural appendage 

 by uniting it to the rib in front of it. These are strongest in 

 front, and decrease backwards. 



144. The ohliquus externus abdominis [58] is described by 

 Shufeldt as the most external muscle of the abdomen. It is a 

 very large, thin muscle layer. It arises from the dorsal ribs 

 about the level of the base of the epipleural appendages, from 

 the pelvis, the post-pubic element of the pelvis, and from the 

 structures about the tail. The membrane soon develops muscle 

 fibres ; it is attached to the ribs, passes over the sternal ribs, and 

 is attached to the pectoralis major [49] and to the hinder border 

 of the sternum. Some fibres run longitudinally backwards from 

 the sternum to the post-oubic element of the pelvis. 



145. The obliquus internus abdominis [57] lies under the last- 

 mentioned muscle. It arises tendinous, as Shufeldt describes for 



