CONTENTS XV 



Page 



water shooting ; surveying ; interpretation ; operations on water ; boats and 

 marine equipment. Radio surveying techniques ; radar ; Shoran ; Decca ; 

 Lorac ; Raydist. Responsibility in seismic exploration ; general outline for 

 planning exploration. Special application of seismic methods ; shallow ex- 

 ploration, with examples from field work; soil dynamics; pressures on rock 

 pillars. Earthquake insurance. Patents. 



CHAPTER VIII 



Chemical Methods 938 



Physical principles ; gas analysis methods ; sampling. The emanometric 

 method. Soil analysis methods. Costs. Examples from field work. Ore pros- 

 pecting. Well logging. Patents. 



CHAPTER IX 

 Thermal Methods 966 



Theory of heat flow ; vertical gradients ; porosity and temperature relation- 

 ships; areal variations. Periodic heat flow; diurnal; annual. Thermal con- 

 ductivity factors. Field operations. Patents. 



CHAPTER X 



Radioactivity Methods 987 



Particles and quanta ; natural radioactive series ; absorption. Radioactive ele- 

 ments ; equilibrium. Statistical error. Radiation measuring devices ; ionization 

 chamber. The Geiger-Muller counter. Portable field instruments ; logging 

 equipment. Laboratory instruments ; pulse chamber ; proportional counters ; 

 Geiger counter ; scintillation counter ; scaling circuits. Field techniques ; recon- 

 naissance ; traversing ; gamma-ray and neutron logging. Laboratory tech- 

 niques ; alpha and beta counting. Patents. 



CHAPTER XI 



Bore Hole Investigations 1016 



Electrical logging; unit of resistivity; resistance measurements; electrode 

 configurations. Potential measurements ; electrofiltration ; electrochemical. 

 Measurement of potentials. Interpretation. Examples from field work. Instru- 

 mentation. Temperature measurements in bore holes ; gradients ; water and 

 cement logging. Photoelectric logging. Dipmeter; equipment; method of 

 measuring; examples from field work. Photoclinometer ; equipment; method 

 of measuring; examples from field work. Side-wall sampling; mechanical 

 and explosive samplers ; equipment ; examples from field work. Section gauge 

 equipment; method of measuring; examples from field work. Radioactive 

 markers. Paleontological studies. Drill core measurements. Drilling time logs. 

 Radioactivity well logging ; theory. Instrumentation. Interpretation ; typical 

 response curves; effect of casing. Neutron curve interpretation. Comparison 

 of radioactivity and electrical logs. Applications and field examples. Patents. 



CHAPTER XII 



Physical Principles Applied to Production Problems 1122 



Principles underlying oil recovery in wells. Bottom hole pressure gauges. 

 Methods for determining fluid levels ; operation of wave reflection equipment ; 



