46 A SAGA OF THE SEAS 
The Morse telegraph, so successful on land, was out of the 
question in the ocean, where stimulation by automatic relays 
was impossible. Even the Morse signals of dots and dashes 
could not be used, as they would not pass through so long a 
wire without relays to add impulse to the long line. For 
this reason, experts in land telegraphy were more or less 
helpless in advising on ocean problems, and much pioneer 
research had to be done. 
