JULIAN HUXLEY 
sory leisure. Even ifit were decided to stop the armaments race, 
nobody seems to know how to adjust our economy to such a 
drastic change. 
I am not an economist: I would only suggest that we start 
looking at the problem from the other end, and aim at a world- 
wide system based on the idea that progressively fewer man- 
hours will be needed to furnish the material substructure of life, 
but progressively more man-hours for occupying the time that 
is freed, a system in which the stigma of not being employed 
full-time would be removed. In other words, we need a fulfil- 
ment economy, aimed at providing opportunity for everyone to 
find some interesting or significant occupation during the half 
or more of their time which will not be gainfully employed in 
production. 
This will be as radical a change as that from a barter to a 
money economy, or from a regulated system of production and 
trade to latsser faire capitalism: but what an exciting opportunity 
for the economists and sociologists! 
Another urgent field for evolving man to explore is that of his 
own population increase. This is posing the most serious prob- 
lems for his future, not merely in the long term but also in the 
short term of two or three generations only. The situation, in 
brief, is this. In the past half-century there has been an unpre- 
cedented population explosion, the result of so-called death 
control. Modern medicine and health measures have been so 
successful that they have drastically reduced mortality and 
much increased the expectation of life (though not the total 
life span). The human population only reached the thousand 
million mark early in this century; it is today just about 3,000 
million; and whatever measures we undertake now, will more 
than double itself by the year 2000, within the life-time of many 
of us alive today. Not only has the absolute number of human 
beings been increasing, but also their rate of increase. The 
compound interest rate of world population-increase cannot 
have exceeded one-tenth of one per cent per annum for many 
millennia. It reached one per cent only in the present century. 
Today it is more than 1-8 per cent, and is still apparently going 
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