DISCUSSION 
activity, and of what I would term the better life for which so 
many yearn. 
On the basis of the two indices afforded by calories and 
animal protein FAO’s Third World Food Survey has arrived 
at a figure not merely of 10 to 15 per cent of under-nourished 
people due to caloric deficiency, but reaching up to 50 per 
cent of the world’s population if one takes into account those 
who are either under-nourished or malnourished or both. Some 
of my nutritional colleagues consider that even this figure is an 
underestimate. 
I would end by indicating the impact of FAO’s Third 
World Food Survey on the future needs of growing populations. 
The United Nation’s median estimate is that by 1975 (only 
12 years from now) the world’s population will have risen from 
roughly 3,000 million at present to about 4,000 million. For 
this we reckon, and these again are Dr. Sukhatme’s figures, 
that we shall require on a world basis 50 per cent increase in 
total foods and nearly 60 per cent increase in animal foods. In 
the underdeveloped countries this latter figure would be doubled, 
that is to say, an increase of 120 per cent, even allowing for only 
a modest rise in the consumption of animal foods. By A.D. 2000 
when it is estimated that the population will have risen from 
3,000 million to over 6,000 million, total foods will have to 
be increased by 170 per cent and animal foods by over 200 per 
cent, this latter figure being increased in the underdeveloped 
countries to nearly 500 per cent, or six times the present figure. 
In the light of these figures and knowing the difficulties of 
increasing production in the underdeveloped countries, I must 
own to being sceptical of Clark’s optimistic view that the popu- 
lation which we could cater for in the future would be far in 
excess of anything we contemplate now. In any event, can we 
realistically assess the needs of a period beyond A.D. 2000, 
with all its uncertainties ? 
Clark: Many of the best farmers in Britain are now turning 
away from mixed farming. They have some backing from the 
soil scientists who say that livestock is not necessary so long as 
one looks after and fertilizes the soil carefully—certainly the 
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