Eugenics and Genetics 
solve? Are we going to bring to humanity the happiness which 
undoubtedly we all want? Sir Julian asked the question: 
What are people for? I don’t believe that any of us really 
knows the answer, but I suppose that self-expression and self- 
fulfilment must be among the objectives of mankind. This 
brings me to the psycho-emotional aspect of the woman who is 
denied children. Even where childlessness is inevitable, even 
when she is married to an impotent husband to whom she is 
devoted, the psycho-emotional effect of this situation on her is 
devastating. Admittedly the need to have children can be met 
up to a point by adoption, but not when there is another 
alternative. In my opinion no woman is going to be emotionally 
satisfied by the adoption of children, when she knows that she 
could have had children by her own parturition. If we are to 
have a healthy society, we must have a society in which such 
psycho-emotional upsets are reduced to the minimum. When 
it comes to the solution that Muller proposes I doubt that, even 
with improved biological education, many men will be emotion- 
ally satisfied by children not their own, if they are also able to 
have children in the normal way. And without this emotional 
satisfaction and fulfilment I doubt that we would have a 
healthy society. ‘here may be a small group of ‘‘advanced”’ 
or otherwise abnormal people who would be satisfied, but the 
average man in my opinion would not be. I agree with Pirie 
that perhaps for many men it is the fun rather than the children 
that they desire, but this is not true of all men and is certainly 
not true of the average woman. 
Trowell: Speaking as a physician, I should like to emphasize 
the very profound psychological effect on both men and women 
who cannot have progeny by the natural method. It has 
played havoc with many of my patients and some of my 
friends. 
Klein: I agree that the psycho-emotional reaction of a man 
who cannot have children is very strong. There are a number 
of married people who have no children because although the 
man is potent, he is sterile; this is a most unhappy situation and 
it is very difficult to explain to a couple that a man can be both 
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