DISCUSSION 
any children. But you can make a start. At the moment many 
governments are encouraging people to have more children 
_than they otherwise would by means of high family allowances. 
Why shouldn’t you start by regulating family allowances, so 
that parents get a lot of money on the first two children, say, 
then less for the third, and then tailing off rapidly to a negative 
payment, a deduction, for children above a certain large 
number? 
But the basic point was raised by MacKay, that you will have 
to nail your colours to some moral mast. In the present state 
of the world you will have to find a new moral mast to nail 
them to, and this will only come about by more knowledge and 
more education and more thinking; and this is a feedback 
process. At the moment the population certainly wouldn’t 
tolerate compulsory eugenic or sterilization measures, but if 
you start some experiments, including some voluntary ones, 
and see that they work and if you make a massive attempt at 
educating people and making them understand what is at 
issue, you might be able, within a generation, to have an effect 
on the general population. After all, our moral values evolve 
like everything else and they evolve largely on the basis of the 
knowledge we have and share. 
Glikson: Like Dr. Bronowski I do not see why we need the 
application of biological technology in changing the quantita- 
tive and qualitative composition of whole communities or of 
humanity. But I think emphasis should be laid on the dangers 
involved in the very development of such biological technology, 
because its application would most probably fall into the hands 
of political forces which would use it for quite different pur- 
poses than those anticipated here. Biological technology as 
explained by Lederberg, Crick and others here effects a one- 
sided manipulation with individual and social life. Such 
developments must to my mind be accompanied by some 
control. Where interference seems desirable, it must be guided 
by a sympathetic and comprehensive view of human and 
environmental evolution. Such control might be achieved by 
co-operation not only among scientists, but among the best 
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