Future of the Mind 
can, and commonly does, persist even when they have become 
dangerous and self-destructive, as in the case of warfare at the 
present time. It should be obvious to anyone of even below 
average intelligence and with little education that warfare has 
become mutually destructive, suicidal and no longer a sane 
diplomatic instrument, yet many nations are doing all they can 
to increase their ability to kill, in the tragic belief that such 
activity will increase their own security. So many of their 
citizens retain that outdated faith that heads of governments, 
even if they are themselves intelligent and well informed, are 
unable to change from their traditional international “ posture”’ 
of threatening any real or potential enemy. 
This wide-spread disability, a crippling of men’s minds by 
uncritical acceptance of early imposed attitudes, has been 
regarded generally as virtuous and admirable. Under the name 
of loyalty it has been used to keep the younger and more 
independent people under the control of the “establishment”’, 
the old people, the orthodox, the hierarchies, and has prevented 
appropriate change when circumstances and conditions of 
survival have changed. It has ensured the passing on of 
prejudices from generation to generation, often almost intact, 
and often very damaging to the receiving generations. 
For many centuries man has survived by groups in com- 
petition to the death with other groups. For the survivors it 
has been a successful method. Although the scale has grown 
larger, the principle has changed very little. Our remote 
ancestors belonged and owed loyalty only to very small groups, 
at early stages only to the family. This was the survival group, 
whose head was autonomous, held power of life and death over 
its members, owed no obligation of concern to anyone outside 
the family, and demanded absolute loyalty to his or her will, 
which was the dominant or even the only social morality of the 
era. Over a long period competition demonstrated the advan- 
tages of greater numbers of fighters and workers and the family 
enlarged to include several generations and collateral lines. It 
was able to compete more effectively and so tended to survive. 
Its growth continued by capture of women and slaves and its 
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