Future of the Mind 
the work of individual psychopaths, or individual people in 
office to whom we have delegated decisions. From what we 
have heard in this meeting, though, I can’t say I have very 
much more confidence in delegating them to egg-heads. I feel, 
without being personal, that any person here who found him- 
self obliged to take the same kind of decisions would be sub- 
jected to stresses which no human personality, however 
intelligent, is really adequate to cope with. 
I have become more and more convinced, as I listened to 
these very liberal and very intelligent comments, that there is 
an enormous survival value in human _ bloody-mindedness. 
Even if we could make a chemical substance which increases 
people’s suggestibility, the British public might be able to 
resist this. In those who have once acquired the habit of con- 
trasuggestible response to propaganda, I think that would be 
the response which such a drug might well enhance. This 
resistance on the part of the common man to being over- 
manipulated, either by dictators for pathological reasons, or by 
scientists for the most admirable ones, is the chief survival value 
today, which I, as a good anarchist, would like to see propagated. 
Pine: Don’t different communities vary in their concentra- 
tion of bloody-mindedness, to use your excellent phrase? It 
always seems to me that the British, especially the Scottish, are 
particularly well endowed with it, and it is one of our most 
useful attributes. 
If I can judge from my rather casual observations, bloody- 
mindedness is much less widespread in Germany, and somewhat 
less widespread in the U.S.A. How can we encourage the 
Germans and the Americans to become much more practically 
bloody-minded, and distrust their governments to the extent 
that we do? That would be a practical method of achieving 
Dr. Chisholm’s Utopia. 
Young: Bloody-mindedness is totally absent in China, too. 
Lederberg: We are saying that the world’s problems are all 
due to the psychopathy of man, so let us try to heal him; we 
know that won’t happen in a hurry, so that is another way of 
thrusting these issues out of our minds. A lot of what has been 
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