THE USE OF ACCELERATORS OF CHARGED PARTICLES 419 



Consequently, at present, charged particle accelerators which can accelerate 

 protons up to energies of 0.5 MeV, cannot be used in the construction of 

 a gamma quanta generator useful for GGL and GNL. This can be achieved 

 only when it becomes technically possible to accelerate protons up to 1 MeV 

 and more, within the framework of the deep RL apparatus, which circumstance 

 wall lead to a sharp increase of neutron output per 1 gamma quantum (^^). 



To obtain powerful sources of gamma quanta the well betatrons can be 

 used. Using such betatrons it is possible to produce impulses of an order 

 of 10^^-10^'' gamma quanta with a duration of an order of 1 ^sec with the 

 upper limit of the gamma quanta energy higher than the natural gamma 

 radiations. The gamma quanta flow per second in such betatrons depends 

 on the current frequency. For instance, when the current frequency is 

 300 c/s it is possible to generate an output of 10^° to 3 x 10^^ gamma quanta 

 per sec, which is quite sufficient for operating GGL as well as GNL. 



The relationship between the kinetic energy W^g^^ (in eV) of accelerated 

 electrons, caused by an inductive force B (in gauss) and orbital radius 

 (in centimetres) can be expressed by the following formula: 



r^3, = SOOBr. 



The size of the orbit r will determine the dimensions of the well betatron. 

 The diminution of the orbital radius, necessary in construction, will demand 

 an increase of the magnetic field so that the radiation energy is maintained. 

 For instance, if the orbital radius is taken to be 10 cm, then in order to 

 obtain gamma quanta with an energy of ^^ax =^ ^ ^^^ ^^ is necessary to 

 generate a field with an inductive force of 1000 G, and for a radius of 5 cm 

 2000 G, which is quite possible. 



ELECTRON LOGGING 



Having obtained an electron beam from a betatron it is possible to build 

 an electron log, which involves irradiating the bore -hole walls by a powerful 

 beam of electrons, while the reactive gamma radiation of the rocks is 

 registered. 



The energy E and the electron path R in a substance of density q are 

 connected (for E > 0.8 MeV) by the formula 



qR = 0.542£'- 0.133. 



The connection between the energy spent by the electrons on the reaction 

 radiation, and the parameters characterizing the medium (density q and 

 effective atomic number Z^f) can be seen from the following relationship. 



