86 LIMNOLOGY, WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL 



to the effect of its continued use as an algicide on the productivity of 

 waters. In Minnesota, 4 lakes have been regularly treated with copper sul- 

 phate for 26 years. The average rough fish yield from these lakes for the 

 last 24 years is slightly greater than that of 5 adjacent untreated lakes. 

 In the treated lakes, the blue-green alga, Aphanizomenon, seems to have 

 acquired an increased tolerance to copper as a result of the 26 years of 

 treatment. From theoretical considerations and the few data available, it 

 appears that algal control with copper sulphate is not detrimental and may 

 even favor the growth of aquatic seed plants. It is also likely that ordinary- 

 algal control has little effect on the production of plankton animals. 

 Whether or not copper accumulates in the bottom muds to the extent of 

 being toxic to the bottom fauna is at present uncertain. 



References Cited 



Bennett, G. W. 1943. Management of small artificial lakes. A summary of fisheries 



investigations, 1938-1942. III. Nat. Hist. Survey Bui, 22: 357-376. 

 DoMOGALLA, B. 1935. Eleven years of chemical treatment of the Madison lakes: — its 



effect on fish and fish foods. Amer. Fisheries Soc. Trans., 65: 115-121. 

 Ellis, M. M. 1937. Detection and measurement of stream pollution. U. S. Bur. Fisheries 



Bui, 22, 'iS: 365-437. 

 Fitch, 07?., Bishop, L. M., Boyd, W. L., Gortner, R. A., Rogers, C. F. and Tilden, 



J. E. 1934. "Water Bloom" as a cause of poisoning in domestic animals. Cornell 



Vet., 24, No. 1 : 31-40. 

 Hale, F. E. 1942. In The Use of Copper Sulphate in Control of Microscopic Organisms. 



Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York. 

 Hasler, a. D. 1947. The case against spraying copper sulphate in lakes. Wis. Acad. Set., 



Arts, Letters. In press. 

 Heilbrun, L. V. 1937. In An Outline of General Physiology. W. B. Saunders Co. 

 HiNER, L. E. 1943. A creel census of Minnesota lakes, 1938-1942. Minn. Dept. Conserv., 



Bur. Fisheries Res. Invest. Rpt. No. 44. 

 Huff, N. L. 1922. Copper sulphate treatment for preventing algae growths in lakes and 



reservoirs. Water Works News, pp. 65-72. 

 . 1923. Observations on the relation of algae to certain aquatic animals in 



Vadnais Lake. Minn. Univ. Studies Biol. Sci., No. 4: 185-198. 

 KoFOiD, C. A. 1903. The plankton of the Illinois River, 1894-1899, with introductory 



notes upon the hydrography of the Illinois River and its basin. Part I. Quantita- 

 tive investigations and general results. III. Nat. Hist. Survey Bui, 6: 95-628. 

 McMuLLEN, D. B. 1941. Methods used in the control of schistosome dermatitis in 



Michigan. Symposium on Hydrobiology, Wis. Univ. Press, pp. 379-388. 

 Marsh, M. C. and Robinson, R. K. 1910. The treatment offish-cultural waters for the 



removal of algae. Fourth Internatl Fisheries Cong. Proc. 1908, Part II: 871-890 



(Pub. by U. S. Bur. Fisheries, Bui, 1908). 

 Miller, E. C. 1931. In Plant Physiology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

 MooRE, G. T. AND Kellerman, K. F. 1905. Copper as an algicide and disinfectant in 



water supplies. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Indus. Bui 76: 1-55. 

 MoYLE, J. B. 1949. Some indices of lake productivity. Amer. Fisheries Soc. Trans. In 



press. 

 MoYLE, J. B. AND Wilson, J. N. 1946. Report on the use of copper sulphate for control- 

 ling blue-green algae in Hall Lake (2-83) and connected water supply lakes in 



Martin County. Minn. Dept. Conserv. and Health. 

 Nichols, M. S., Henkel, T. and McNall, D. 1946. Copper in lake muds from lakes 



of the Madison area. Wis. Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, Trans., 38: 333-350. 

 O'Donnell, D. J. 1945. Control of Hydrodictyon reticulatum in small ponds. Amer. 



Fisheries Soc. Trans., 73: 59-62. 



