Ancient Rome and Modern Italy 69 



200 G. Cocchiara, La vita e I'arte del popolo siciliano nel museo Pitre, 92. 



201 fhe candidacy of the bat for the identification is ably set forth by S. G. 

 Oliphant, "The Story of the Strix", Transactions of the American Philological 

 Association, XLIV (1913), 133-149; XLV (1914), 49-63. 



202 Cf. Ovid, Fast. 6.133-136; 143-148; W. H. Roscher, Lexikon, s.v. "Stringes" 

 and "Striges." See E. Canziani, op. cit. (see note 45), 246. 



203 Ovid Fast. 6.101-131; cf. Macrob. Sat. 1.12.31-33. 



204 Ovid Fast. 6.141-142; cf. Amor. 1.8.13-14. 



205 N.H. 11.232; cf. Seren. Sammon. Lib. Medicin. 1035-1038. 



206 Ovid Fast. 6.143-168. 



207 Petron. 63 ; cf. 134. Cf. L. Villari, On the Roads from Rome, 126; G. B. 

 Corsi, "Sena Vetus, superstizioni, canti, indovinelli e giuochi", Archivio, IX (1890), 

 521; Zanetti, La medicina, 11. 



208 Petron. 63-64. 



209 f Trede, Das Heidentum in der romischen Kirche, IV, 353; Z. Zanetti, La 

 medicina, 11; I. Nieri, op. cit. (see note 58), 371; E. Bonaventura, "Le streghe, 

 credenze popolari pisane", Riv d. trad. pop. ital., I (1893-1894), 932-936. 



210 A. De Nino, op. cit. (see note 66), I. 143-145; E. Canziani, op. cit. (see 

 note 45), 246; A. Rini, Popular Superstitions, 84. But, of course, diagnosis is 

 difficult: a toad is supposed to suck not only milk from a cow's udder but blood 

 from a baby: G. Calvia, "Animali e piante nella tradizione popolare sarda e 

 specialmente del Logudoro", II folklore italiano, I (1925), 200. If a baby is 

 born with livid marks on its body, it may be thought that vampires sucked its 

 blood while still in the womb: Z. Zanetti, La medicina, 130. 



211 A. De Nino, op. cit. I. 168; G. Finamore, op. cit. (see note 5), 57-58: 

 eaten by women during pregnancy. As in the case of wormwood, it should be 

 gathered on Ascension Day: De Maricourt, "Croyances et moeurs a Naples", 

 Archivio, XXII (1905), 547. That is the best time, anyway, to attempt the 

 cure of any sort of obstinate disease: G. Pitre, Spettacoli e feste popolari siciliane, 

 257. 



212 Z. Zanetti, La medicina, 160. 



213 For ancient Rome there is the notable care with which those of the Flamen 

 Dialis were buried under a fruitful tree: Gell. 10.15.15. Cf. the disposal of the 

 hair-clippings of the Vestal Virgins: Plin. N.H. 16.235; Paul. Exc. 57.17 (Edit, 

 of Linds. 50.12); Apul. Met. 3.16. 214 Any part or personal possession will do. 

 Cf. Verg. Eel. 8.91-93. For modern Italy cf. Z. Zanetti, La medicina, 11; F. 

 Davegno, "Le superstizioni di Portofino", Arch, per I'antropol. XVIII (1888), 

 90; A. Balladoro, "Alcune credenze e superstizioni del popolo Veronese", Archivio, 

 XIII (1899), 127; L. D. Gordon, Home Life in Italy, 243; La Marchesa de 

 Villamarina, "Credenze popolari della Valsesia", Riv. d. trad. pop. ital., I (1893- 

 1894), 134. Fear that a witch may find it accounts for the burning of a milk- 

 tooth, C. J. S. Thompson, The Hand of Destiny, 24. 215 G. Pitre, Medicina, 

 62; Z. Zanetti, op. cit., 234-235; I. Nieri, op. cit. (see note 58), 375 ; G. Ferraro, 

 "Spigolature popolari monferrine", Archivio, VI (1887), 118; A. De Nino, op. cit. 

 (see note 66), 75; M. Pasquarelli, "Noterelle folkloriche per la basilicata", Riv. 

 di trad. pop. ital, I (1893-1894), 636. See, furthermore, E. M. Fogel, Beliefs 

 and Superstitions of the Pennsylvania Germans, 242, No. 1255 ; 344, No. 1834; 

 Notes and Queries, Ser. 2, I (1856), 386. 



