CONTENTS XV 



4-5 Reflection of Plane Waves from the Ground 181 



4-6 Effect of Earth's Curvature 190 



4-7 Radar Cross Sections of Aircraft 192 



4-8 Amplitude, Angle, and Range Noise 198 



4-9 Prediction of Target Radar Characteristics 208 



4-10 Sea Return 211 



4-11 Sea Return in a Doppler System 217 



4-12 Ground Return 219 



4-13 Altitude Return 222 



4-14 Solutions to the Clutter Problem 224 



4-15 Attenuation in the Atmosphere 227 



4-16 Attenuation and Back-scattering by Precipitation . . . 230 



4-17 Attenuation by Propellant Gases 231 



4-18 Refraction Effects in the Atmosphere 233 



5 TECHNIQUES FOR SIGNAL 

 AND NOISE ANALYSIS 



5-1 Introduction 238 



5-2 Fourier Analysis . 238 



5-3 Impulse Functions 243 



5-4 Random Noise Processes 245 



5-5 The Power Density Spectrum 248 



5-6 Nonlinear and Time-Dependent Operations 253 



5-7 Narrow Band Noise 258 



5-8 An Application to the Evaluation of Angle Tracking Noise 264 



5-9 An Application to the Analysis of an MTI System . . . 269 



5-10 An Application to the Analysis of a Matched Filter Radar . 272 

 5-11 Application to the Determination of a Signal's Time of 



Arrival 281 



6 GENERIC TYPES OF RADAR SYSTEMS 

 AND TECHNIQUES 



6-1 Introduction 292 



6-2 Basic Principles 293 



6-3 Monopulse Angle Tracking Techniques 300 



6-4 Correlation and Storage Radar Techniques 305 



6-5 FM/CW Radar Systems 311 



6-6 Pulsed-Doppler Radar Systems 320 



6-7 High-Resolution Radar Systems 333 



6-8 Infrared Systems 338 



7 THE RADAR RECEIVER 



7-1 General Design Principles 347 



7-2 The Interdependence of Receiver Components .... 352 



