Sound speeds from the nomograun cam be determined to within one 

 meter per second; if greater accuracy is desired, the tables should be 

 used. 



The temperature structure at an oceanographic station may be 

 plotted on the nomogram to determine an approximate sound speed 

 structure. Large errors in absolute speed will occur in nearshore 

 areas or enclosed seas where the salinity may deviate radically from 

 35%o; the general shape of the speed structure naay be easily determined 

 for the normal oceanographic environment. 



REFERENCES 



1. U. S. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE. Processing oceanographic data.by 



E. C. LaFond, H. O. Pub. No. 614. 114 p., 1951. 



2. KUWAHARA, S. Velocity of sound in sea water and calculation of the 



velocity for use in sonic sounding. Hydrographic Review, vol. 16, 

 no. 2, pp. 123-140, 1939. 



3. U. S. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE. Summary of the conference on 



sound speed equations. Enclosure to HO Itr ser 9233 of 24 Oct. 

 1961. 



4. WILSON, W. D. Equation for the speed of sound in sea water. 



Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 32, no. 10, 

 pp. 1357, Oct. I960. 



5. PEDERSEN, M, A. NEL sound velocity program. Informal draft 



enclosure to NEL Itr to USNHO SFOOl 03 01 (NEL L15) 2233-13 

 of 10 May 1961. 



