98 STATISTICS OF BERBERIDACE®, NYMPHEACEA, 
water, more or less over the whole extent of England and Scot- 
land. In England the yellow Water-lily is more common than 
the beautiful white one, while the latter possesses a rather more 
extensive horizontal area. The former is rarely absent in our 
English sluggish rivers ; the latter is often planted both in rivers 
and in other ornamental waters near mansions and the dwellings 
of the opulent. Nuphar lutea fails in the north of Scotland. 
Nymphea alba exends even to the ultima Thule (Orkneys). The 
tyro will readily distinguish these plants from each other by the 
basal lobes of their large floating leaves. These are contiguous 
and parallel in the white Water-lily, and divergent and slightly 
distant in the yellow one. The leaves of the former are more 
rounded at the apex than those of the latter are, which are more 
elongate and sometimes abruptly pointed. In Cumberland the 
white Water-lily is found at the altitude of 400 yards: the 
yellow one does not reach above one-half of this elevation. Nuw- 
phar pumila is, as far as we know, confined to four Highland coun- 
ties in Scotland, viz. Inverness, Perth, Argyle, and Aberdeenshires. 
It appears to be as limited in vertical as it is in horizontal range. 
These are all found on the European continent, the latter in 
Vosges and Germany. There is a minor of both the white and 
yellow Water-lilies reported from several parts of England and 
Scotland. Continental botanists acknowledge Nymphea alba, var. 
minor, and quote Duby, Bot. 20, and Reichenbach, t. 68, f. 118. 
Their character is, “ flowers only half the size of the common form 
_in all their parts.” These plants, which are highly ornamental 
wherever they grow, flower after Midsummer, and continue m 
flower all the summer. They are perennial. 
Several of the Poppies are abundant in England, but only in 
cultivated places, or where the soil is annually more or less pul- 
verized. They may be said, with only one exception, to depend 
entirely on cultivation. In July the corn-ficlds of Hngland and 
Scotland, too, are red with the brilliant flowers of the commoner 
species. Papaver Rhwas is most common in England, and P. 
dubwum in Scotland. P. Argemone in England is less common 
than the two former noted species, but it does not appear to have 
a predilection for any peculiar soil. Papaver hybridum is rather 
local, not extending so far north as Scotland, and in England be- 
ing confined to cretaceous or to calcareous soils. The great 
white-flowered Poppy has been cultivated from time immemorial 
