PAPAVERACE®, AND FUMARIACEX. 99 
for medicinal, economical, or ornamental purposes; and hence it 
is pretty well established in the low fenny districts of the east o: 
England, and in many other parts of the country, especially in 
the valley of the Thames, as about Greenhithe, Northfleet, and 
several other parts of Kent, where plants, at no very remote pe- 
riod alien to the English soil, now abound. That all these species 
are dependent on cultivation for their existence in this country, is 
evident from the fact that they are never found but in corn-fields 
or other cultivated places, or on rubbish, ete. They disappear in 
the pastoral districts of the west and south, except in gardens and 
in a few places where the turf is accidentally broken and the soil 
pulverized. ‘The more generally distributed species either have 
been introduced at an earlier period than the others, or they are 
better able to bear the alternations of temperature than the less 
extensively distributed species are; or they may have no predi- 
lections for particular soils, as Papaver hybridum has. The Welsh 
Poppy (Meconopsis cambrica) differs from the above-mentioned 
annual species. It shuns cultivation, although it is occasionally 
found about roadsides in Yorkshire, where the seeds may have 
been accidentally dropped, and where they occasionally grow up. 
It grows on old mossy walls or on low cottage roofs in the same 
county. But m North Wales it is evidently at home on the 
ledges of rocks, débris of quarries, etc. It is also confined to 
the Western parts of Great Britain, where the country is rather 
pastoral than agrarial. It is true we have noticed it as a weed 
near the coast in the east of Scotland; but here it had the ap- 
pearance of having owed its origin to garden plants; for it is a 
popular garden flower about Aberdeen. We believe Chelidonium 
majus to be as truly native, py England, as Meconopsis cambrica 
is universally allowed to be: with this slight difference. The 
Welsh Poppy would no doubt retain its place in certain parts of 
Britain even if the whole human family were to remove to another 
part of the world, and the whole of the British Isles were to re- 
vert to that state in which they were before a human being settled 
on them. The Celandine affects the vicinity of houses, because 
there, and there only, it finds a. sufficiently nitrogenized soil for 
its economy. Many plants belong to this category or class. Many 
species assume a partially cosmopolitan character, or are always 
found where man pitches his tent, his tabernacle, or his more per- 
manent abode. These accompany him in all his migrations, and 
