PAPAVERACEH, AND FUMARIACEH. 101 
ticed, is for the south of England; and even here July is the 
month when the most of them are all in flower, although several 
flowers may be seen in June. The genuine Fumarias are all 
annual, and exist here under the same laws as limit the Poppies. 
These plants have increased, even within our remembrance, from 
two species, F. officinalis and F. capreolata, to five species ; unless 
we must reduce this number by uniting F. parviflora and F. Vail- 
lantii, about the distinctness of which there are doubts. But 
to this it may be said that F. agraria, Lagasco, has been reported 
from Ambleside in Westmoreland.* So that at all events we have 
had three if not four fresh introductions of Fumarias within the 
last twenty or thirty years: at least they were not observed an- 
terior to this period ; and it may be inferred that they did not 
grow here previously. Corydalis claviculata, though an annual, 
grows only under trees or bushes, or under rocks on stony places, 
and in such-like localities. This plant is in no way dependent on 
cultivation ; it seldom grows near cultivated places. In the south 
of England it thrives in moist, soft, shady spots, where the ground 
is partially broken, laying hold of trees or humbler plants, or 
climbing up banks and walls. It is by no means a common plant; 
even where it is found, the number of individuals is not large. 
Its area is between 50° and 58° lat., and its vertical range is con- 
siderable. C. lutea and C. solida are perennial plants, and the 
former is never found in England, but on walls, and the latter in 
spots where gardens have been. Yet these two plants, universally 
deemed aliens, occupy precisely similar situations on the Conti- 
nent as they doin England. C. lutea is “assez rare”’ in France, and 
in Germany “ hier und da, sehr selten” (here and there, very rare). 
C’. solida is found in woods and under hedges in both France and 
Germany. In the British Isles their area is limited to England. 
The Fumarias are, it may be said, confined to cornfields and to 
broken ground and rubbish. The two commoner species, or 
original species, as some botanists would say, extend over the 
whole island ; possibly the others may in process of time have 
as extensive a distribution. They begin to flower a short time 
before Midsummer, and are in flower and fruit until autumn. 
Corydalis solida is only known here as a garden flower, and it 
blooms in April. C. /utea, which occurs occasionally on old walls, 
flowers in May and June. 
* See Bot. Notes. 
