114 REVIEWS. 
Our author, while botanizing in North Wales, on the Great 
Orme’s Head, Carnarvonshire, tells us,— 
I one day wandered to an isolated hill called Craig Diganwy, where to 
my great surprise tufts of Foxglove appeared in lofty splendour, as they 
do on our Malvern Hills, where they keep clear of the limestone. I could 
scarcely believe my eyes, and almost fancied I had got back to Malvern. 
On examining the ground I soon discovered that I had unconsciously 
wandered to a mass of trap-rock; there only did the Digitalis present 
itself; not a single specimen could J find on the limestone, while the 
limestone plants, viz. the Gentian, the Rue, the Marjoram, and the Drop- 
wort, as cautiously kept out of the trap. . .. The Silurian limestone 
ridges, west of the Malvern syenite, nourish, among the more common 
products of a calcareous soil, Pimpinella magna, Cnicus eriophorus, Viola 
hirta, Linaria minor, Orchis pyramidalis and Ophrys apifera, Avena pu- . 
bescens, Bromus erectus, and the local Wood Lyme-grass (Hlymus europeus); 
Anagallis cerulea also prefers a calcareous soil. . . . The character- 
istic vegetable aspect of our Silurian woods, after the countless wild 
Daffodils with which they are crowded in spring, the Snowdrops, the 
Bluebells, the hairy Violets, and the lurid four-leaved Parises (Paris qua- 
drifolia), also very abundant, have in a great degree withered or passed 
off. Roses and Sweet-briars now rise in bounteous profusion, &. villosa 
and R. micrantha especially presenting themselves about the borders of 
the Wenlock limestone quarries, and the rare 2. sepiwm grows at the foot 
of the hill near Little Malvern. . . . Rubus suberectus, R. villicaulis, 
Rk. fuscus, and Rk. Bellardi, as remarkable Brambles easily distinguishable, 
and the three last, though usually local, flourish here in considerable 
plenty. The Raspberry occurs rather sparingly. 
We can corroborate Mr. Lees’ remarks on the influence exer- 
cised by geological formations on the distribution of plants. We 
have seen the remarkable effects of different soils on a very large 
scale, both in the south and in the north of England. The vege- 
_ tation of the downs of Surrey, and especially that of the Hog’s- 
back, differs materially from that of the Shanklin sand on the 
south of this curious ridge, and from that of the Bagshot sand 
on the north of the same. The Beech woods, the green grassy 
sward of the downs, together with the numerous Orchids which 
grow on cretaceous soils, present a remarkable contrast to the 
Heaths, the Oaks, and the bog plants of the sandy tracts. The 
north-west of Yorkshire exhibits similar diversities. At a great 
distance the limestone soils may be distinguished from the gritty 
soils which produce the common Ling, the Crowberry, Cran- 
