- 322 ON THE HIERACIA OF, NORTH YORKSHIRE. 
rather than vulgatum; but after seeing it repeatedly growing 
side by side with those two species, I cannot doubt that it is per- 
manently distinct from both. 
7. H. vulgatum, Fries, Nov. i. p. 258.—H. maculatum and 
sylvaticum, Smith.—Stem one to two feet high, rigid or flexuose, 
more or less leafy, slightly hairy below, paniculate-corymbose 
above. Root-leaves very variable in number, sometimes forming 
a rosette, usually about three or four, occasionally all faded at 
the flowering time, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, narrowed at both 
ends, frequently more or less tinged or spotted with purple, prin- 
cipally toothed about the middle. Stem-leaves mostly stalked, 
variable in number, decreasing gradually upwards, lower con- 
tiguous to the base of the stem. Peduncles erecto-patent, like 
the ovate-based involucres thickly covered with black hairs, setee, . 
and more or less white stellate down. Heads numerous, com- 
paratively small. Phyllaries dark green, paler at the margins, 
gradually attenuated, acute. Ligules glabrous. Styles fusces- 
cent. 
Rocks, walls, woods, and hedge-banks, with the single excep- 
tion of H. Pilosella, the commonest and most widely distributed 
species. Range of elevation from the coast-level to 600 yards. 
With such a comprehensive degree of adaptation to varying sta- 
tions as this species possesses, it is necessarily a very changeable 
plant. Its forms may be considered as grouping themselves 
under two series, one with fewer and narrower, the other with 
more numerous, higher, and broader leaves. The best marks by 
which to recognize it from the two preceding are found in the 
dentation and position of the leaves. The author of the ‘ Cybele’ 
inquires for localities in the Lake districts. I may mention 
Grizedale in Westmoreland (J. W. Watson?) and the Scars on 
the north side of Mazebeck in Teesdale. 
8. H. gothicum, Fries, Symb. p. 121.—Stem one to two feet 
high, more or less leafy, usually rigid and nearly glabrous, sub- 
corymbose above. Root-leaves dark green, very variable in num- 
ber, frequently all faded at the fowering time, ovate or lanceolate, 
narrowed gradually at each end, principally toothed about the 
middle. Stem-leaves resembling the root-leaves m shape, de- 
creasing gradually upwards. Peduncles erecto-patent, sometimes 
elongated, like the blunt-based involucres, sparingly clothed 
with hairs and sete. Heads larger but less numerous than those 
