BOTANY OF WYRE FOREST. 357 
Habberley, Hartlebury, Dowles, banks of the Severn, etc. :— 
Acinos vulgaris, Adoxa Moschatellina, Allium ursinum, A. vineale, 
Atgopodium Podagraria, Allium oleraceum, Anthemis arvensis, 
A. nobilis, Matricaria Chamomilla, Anthriscus vulgaris, Acer 
Pseudo-plaianus : this tree is now fully naturalized in this part 
of the country. It was probably first introduced by the Normans 
after the Conquest, and cultivated for the number of useful uten- 
sils which were manufactured from its wood when our ancestors 
ate their food out of trenchers, and their porridge out of bowls 
and piggins, which were largely manufactured by the Welsh, and 
were brought to Shrewsbury, which was a great mart for this 
ware: these utensils may now be often seen in old dwellings. 
Arenaria rubra, Aspidium Oreopteris, Scolopendrium vulgare, As- 
plenium Trichomanes, A. Ruta-muraria, Adiantum nigrum, Athy- 
rium File-femina, Lastrea dilatata, L. Oreopteris, Polystichum 
aculeatum, P. angulare, Grammitis Ceterach, Astragalus Glycy- 
phyllos, Bidens cernua, B. tripartita, Butomus umbellatus, Cala- 
mintha officinalis, Campanula latifolia, C. patula, C. Trachelium, 
Botrychium Lunaria, Cardamine impatiens: the stratal adapta- 
tion and attachment of this plant is worthy of notice, as show- 
ing the stratal affinity of some plants more than others: on 
two wooded knots, one on the left, the other on the right bank 
of the river Severn; the one called Warshill, the other Stag- 
borough Hills. They consist of a highly ferruginous con- 
glomerate of water-worn and partially water-worn fragments, 
of various sizes, of a kind of quartzose series. Those woods are 
felled once in about eighteen years, when this plant springs up 
in enormous quautities, but lessening in quantity the more the 
wood grows, till the next fall, when scarcely a plant is to be 
found, then after the fall it springs again, as before mentioned. 
This I have witnessed three successive times. I have rarely seen 
this plant anywhere else in the neighbourhood. I believe that 
seeds retain their vitality longest in their adapted strata. Carex 
paniculata, C. divulsa, C. remota, C. strigosa, C. Pseudo-cyperus, 
C. liria, C. muricata (this Carex is probably the only one that 
may be cultivated to advantage on barren, sandy soils, where no 
useful grasses will thrive; when once established, it will remain 
for very many years; it may be propagated from offsets, or by 
sowing the seed; sheep are fond of it); Carlina vulgaris, Ce- 
rasiium aquaticum, Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, C. polysper- 
