4.44, ON THE GENUS RUBUS. 
lobed above, showing a tendency to divide into two. Where the 
leaf is strictly digitate, the angles formed by the general and par- 
tial stalks are about equal, each of 60°; where it is pedate, the 
angle between the stalks of the middle and external leafits is 
usually considerably more than 60°, and consequently that be- 
tween the latter and the general leafstalk considerably less. 
Where the lateral leafits are lobed, the central vein of the lobe 
usually divides from the other at an angle smaller than 60°. 
The separation or overlapping of the leafits forms a character 
of some value. This may take place variously: the intermediate 
leafits may overlap the terminal; the outside leafits may overlap 
the intermediate ; or the outside leafits may overlap each other ; 
and this of course depends on the length and direction of the 
stalks and on the width of the leafit, and especially of the base 
of the leafit. Individuals may probably be found in all the spe- 
cies where the intermediate leafits sometimes lap over the ter- 
minal one, and perhaps there is hardly any where the external do 
not pass over the intermediate one. It is only where both these 
circumstances take place, or where the latter occurs at the same 
time, that the one external leafit lies over the other, that I should 
admit it as a specific distinction. Like most other marks in the 
genus, we note only the extremes, and cannot follow it through 
all the intermediate steps. In the truly overlapping leafits the 
outer are very nearly, if not quite sessile. 
We now arrive at the panicle, where we find differences which 
may serve to characterize species, and which may even be made 
use of in forming subdivisions of the genus, but of which it is 
very difficult to offer such a description as would give a distinct 
idea to a person not familiar with the genus, and which some- 
times slide so gradually from one form to another that even the 
most practised botanist is at a loss to decide to which section a 
given plant may belong. 
IT have on a former occasion observed that the word Cyme is ap- 
plied to two very different forms of inflorescence. One is exem- 
plified in the Elder, where it might well be called a panicled umbel; 
the other, occurring in Rosa and in many of the Caryophyllacee, 
where the middle stalk pushes out a branch on each side, and 
these branches subdivide again in the same manner, each with an 
intermediate flower. I cannot see in either of these dispositions 
much relation to a wave (cua), from which I suppose the word 
