488 BOTANICAL NOTES, NOTICES, AND QUERIES. 
stood. Pliny says: ‘Of this (the violet) there are several varieties, the 
purple, the yellow, and the white, all of them reproduced from plants like 
the cabbage.” We all know how the cabbage is reproduced,—first, from 
seed sown in a seed-bed ; secondly, from the. seedling plants transplanted 
or placed in ground where they are to remain till ready for use. Stocks, 
Wallflowers, and other Cruciferous flowers, are reproduced after the same 
manner as was practised in Pliny’s time, nearly 2000 years ago. But 
genuine Violets are the natural production of most places where they 
abound, or, if transferred to the garden, a waste shady spot is selected for 
them, a spot which would be unsuitable for cabbages and stocks. We 
have also the Corn Violet, the Specularia hybrida of modern botanists ; also 
the Calathian Violet, Gentiana Pneumonanthe. The former belongs to 
the natural Order Campanulacee, and the latter to the Order Gentianee. 
There is still another violet mentioned by English authors, viz. the Water 
Violet, Hottonia palustris ; this belongs to the natural Order Primulacee. 
Erythronium Dens-canis is the last we will mention. This plant, which im 
English is called the Dog’s-tooth Violet, is not only of another Order, but 
it is of another Class: it is a Monocotyledonous Order. We have Violets - 
in six orders, nine genera, and distributed among a great number of spe- 
cies. Some of these are eminently distinguished by their strong odori- 
ferous smell; some have no perceptible smell at all. The etymologies of 
the term are various. Hermolaus says “that the Ionian nymphs first 
offered this flower to Jupiter.” Which of the violets did the nymphs 
offer? Others, that the earth first produced this plant (which ?) as fodder 
for Jupiter’s favourite mistress Jo, after she was transformed into a cow. 
The doctors differ: who shall decide ? Te 
P.O. will be glad to receive the following plants :—Gentiana nivalis, 
Saxifraga Hirculus, S. cernua, S. rivularis, S. hypnoides, Pyrola uniflora ; 
directed to the care of Mr. A. Irvine, 28, Upper Manor Street, Chelsea, 
near London. The real address, and list of plants to be given in exchange, 
can then be had. : 
We have much pleasure in giving publicity to the following notice, re- 
ceived from a fair Correspondent. ** Tt is respectfully requested that all 
Botanists who are desirous of effecting exchanges of the British Land 
Plants, Algze, etc., by means of correspondence with others, will give their 
names and addresses to the Editor of the ‘ Phytologist,’ for msertion.” 
Communications have been received froii 
Rev. H. A. Stowell; M. C.C.; Rev. T. F. Ravenshaw; I. P.; William 
Cheshire; J. G. Baker; C. Barton; Rev. W. M. Hind; EH. Hodgson ; 
John Windsor, F..8.; P.O.; J. S. Mill; J. Hardy; "Rey. Wea 
Leighton. 

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ERRATA. 
Page 459, last line, ““Aldes Scar,” should be “‘Awes Scar.” In the last paragraph, 
respecting H. tridentatwm or rigidwm, instead of “It is plentiful at Lymm and 
Purlington,” read “It is found sparingly at Partington, more plentifully at Lymm, 
and also about Withington, Timperley, etc., near Manchester.” Also, in October 
Number, p. 454, line 24, for While on the north and middle air, vead While on the 
north, zz middle air. 
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