498 ON THE HIERACIA OF NORTH YORKSHIRE. 
numerous on the average than in vulgatum. Phyllaries dark 
green, paler at the edges, bluntish or acute; outer subsquarrose, 
inner narrowest. Ligules glabrous. Styles as in vulgatum. 
In Teesdale, on the Durham side of the river, about Langdon- 
bridge and the High Force; and on the Yorkshire bank at 
Wince-bridge, but not plentiful. Hedgebanks between Middle- 
ham and Wensley, and by the Yore side at Aysgarth Force. In 
considerable plenty in the central valley in woods at Woodend 
and Dalton, near Thirsk, and various other localities. On the 
lias near Guisborough and Sutton, under Whitstoncliff; and on 
the edge of the eastern calcareous hills at Hornby Bank, and in 
Flazendale and Nettledale. Range of elevation in the district, 
from the coast-level to 400 yards. Like H. gothicum, this species 
must be considered as furnishing an intermediate link between . 
the second and third Sections, and may occasionally be seen with 
a basal rosette whilst in flower. 
10. H. umbellatum, Linn. Spec. Pl. 1181.—Stem one to two feet 
high, densely leafy, glabrous or hairy, rigid, straight or flexuose, 
paniculato-corymbose above. Leaves all sessile, very variable in 
number and shape, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong-lan- 
ceolate, narrowed gradually below, more or less toothed about 
the middle, paler and prominently veined on the under side. Pe- 
duncles usually rigid, erecto-patent, like the ovate-based invo- 
lucres thinly covered with white stellate down and a few black 
hairs. Heads of flowers moderate in size, very variable in num- 
ber. Phyllaries dark green, nearly uniform in colour; outer lax, 
squarrose, subacute, inner broader and blunter. Ligules gla- 
brous. Styles yellow. 
Thickets and open heathery places in the valleys, the dales, and 
amongst the arenaceous and calcareous moorlands, frequent. 
Range of elevation, from the coast-level to 400 yards. Varying 
especially in the number and breadth of its leaves, the broader 
the fewer, the narrower the more numerous. The broad-leaved 
forms are frequently labelled H. rigidum by British botanists. 
From all the varieties of crocatum easily recognizable by the 
narrow base of its involucres, and by its squarrose outer phyl- 
laries. 
11. H. crocatum, Fries, Summa, p. 6.—H. inuloides, Bab. 
Man. 2.—Stem one to three feet high, densely leafy, glabrous 
or hairy, rigid or flexuose, paniculato-corymbose above. Leaves 
