108 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW BKITTSH LICHENS. [May, 



"Apothecia/^ says Fries^ "intra areolas enata videntur, sed re 

 ipsa e latere areolarum, quare hujus substantiam primitus secum 

 elevant et margiiie thallode instructa videntur et pruina consper- 

 guntur ; intus alba suBt^ sed excipulo cupulari integro at non uti 

 L. vesicularis libero recepta." According to an authenticated 

 specimen in my collection, gathered by Sir J. E. Smith himself, 

 and labelled by Turner, Liclien canclidus of ^English Botany/ 

 1118_, is identical with Lecidea mamillaris of Gouan, Lichen tu- 

 midulus of Smith, Linn. Trans, i. t. 14, fig. 3, a native of the 

 south of France, Spain, and the Tyrol. 



3. Umbilicaria hyperborea (L. hyperboreus, Ach. in Vet. Ac. 

 Handl. 1794). Thallus coriaceo-membranaceous, mostly mono- 

 phyllous, brownish-olive-coloured, when adult irregularly rugoso- 

 papillose above, glabrous and somewhat lacunose below ; apothe- 

 cia adpressed, at first between patellseform and lirellose, after- 

 wards plicate. — Lichen hyperboreus, Ach. in Vet. Ac. Handl. 

 1794^, p. 89, t. 2,f. 2; Lich. Prod. 146. Umbilicaria, Schrad. ; 

 Hojfm. ; Sturm; F?'ies, Lich. Eiir. So'd; Sumnia, i. p. 117. Gy- 

 rophora, Ach. Meth. 104 ; Lich. Univ. 225 ; Florke ; Ft. Dan. 

 t. 1744. Gyromium, Wahl. Suec, 1670. Umbilicaria senea, /3, 

 Sch(sr. Spic. 91. U. polyphylla, 7, Enmn. Grit. 129. U. papu- 

 losa, DC. 



Exsic. Fries, Suec. 126. — Schrad. 117.' — Funck, 99. — Schser. 

 151.— Moug. et Nestl. 1047. 



Hab. Eocks in Clougha, Lancashire, July 1843, W. TV. A. in 

 herb. R. Jacobs. 



This species grows principally upon granitic rocks in moun- 

 tainous districts, most plentifully in Scandinavia, but occurs also 

 southward amongst the Alps, Pyrenees, and neighbouring chains. 

 Eelative to the question of its specific distinctness Fries writes, 

 " Potest pro prioris ( U. polyphylla) filia forsan haberi, at non 

 mera est forma senilis L. alpesti'is, nam exstat utique qusedam 

 differentia primitiva, sub analogia evolutione constans, quod e 

 diversa distributione geographica et diversa vegetationis historia 

 in Suecica, ubi melior explicata forsan quam in alia terra, pates- 

 cere videtur. Nam in sua regione angustiori priorem non ex- 

 cludit, sed iu magis recedentem formam mutat." — Lich. Eur. ref. 

 353-4. 



4. Umbilicaria depressa (Schrad.). Thallus subcoriaceous, ru- 

 gose, greyish-pulverulent above, brownish and more or less densely 



