1857.] REVIEW. 113 



the British plants. The dcuizeus will then probably become na- 

 tives, and the aliens will be denizens. The author considers the 

 aliens as fewer than is to be expected^ " from the long existence 

 of a botanic garden." They compose however rather more than 

 one-foui'teenth part of the whole^ — a considerable proportion. 

 Oxford is highly cultivated^ or a large portion of its surface 

 is under tillage, and wherever that is the case aliens will in- 

 crease, whether there be a botanic garden or not. There is not 

 a single plant noiv about Chelsea which owes its origin to the 

 Chelsea Botanic Garden, except it may be Linaria Cynibalaria ; 

 and this plant is far more abundant in places remote from this 

 collection than in its immediate vicinity. These aliens, as they 

 are called, which appear to be peculiar to Oxford, are Senecio 

 squalidus, Hieracium amplexicaide, Arabis Turrita, and Lepidium 

 Iberis. The small-flowered Balsam has for several years been 

 well established near Kew and Mortlake, as also in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Battersea (Nine Elms) . Erodium maritimum occurs 

 in other inland counties, as in several parts of Worcestershire. 

 Ajuga Chamcepitys and Dianthus Armeria are not commonly 

 deemed aliens, though they may be alien in Oxfordshu-e. Ge- 

 ranium pyrenaicum has been, as the author states, classed among 

 the denizens, because of its abundance and thorough establish- 

 ment on the eastern side of Oxford. Probably it extends east- 

 ward to London in the valley of the Thames on both sides of the 

 river. 



The list of defunct species, as given by Mr. Masters, is not a 

 long one : in this respect probably few counties have been more 

 gently dealt with than Oxford. The first is a critical plant, the 

 very existence of which is ignored by some botanists, while some 

 make several species out of it. The plants given by our author 

 as probably extinct are, " Thalictrum majus, Altheea officinalis, 

 Erodium moschatum, Trigonella ornithopodktides, Lythrum Hys- 

 sopifolia, Tordylium maximum, Andromeda polifolia, Melampy- 

 rum cristatum, Scrophidaria vernalis, Teucrium Scordium, Asa- 

 rum europcBum, Daphne Mezereuin, Muscari racemosum, Phleum 

 asperum, Bromus arvensis, Agrostis setacea, Gnaphalium dioicum, 

 Elatine hexandra, Campanula rapunculoides, Lycopodium Selago, 

 etc." We presume that the "etc." does not represent many 

 species. The plants not included in any of the local lists are, 

 excluding Rubus, etc. (the variable genera), (Enanthe fluviatile, 



N. S. VOL. II. Q 



