1857.] BOTANY OF PERTH. 267 



Floor's Castle^ Kelso. P. ciliaris I found in large patches on 

 the top of a wall in Glenalmond. This species is invested with 

 a peculiar interest, frora having been the first Lichen ia which 

 the presence of spermogones and spermatia was detected and de- 

 scribed by Itzigsohn. The spermogones are the brownish or 

 blackish paint-like spots which are sprinkled over the thalline 

 lacinise. 



Cetra7'ia glauca, var. vulgaris, is common on the trunks of the 

 larger trees, such as the Beech, Elm, or Oak, in the woods of 

 Kinnoull Hill. I have not found it in fruit. C. islandica, var. 

 vulgaris, occurs on bare, rocky ground on the hill-heaths above 

 Muirhall, associated frequently with C. aculeata and various Cla- 

 donias. C. islandica and C. aculeata have seemed to me some- 

 times to graduate into each other, especially narrow, crisp states 

 of the former, into broadened conditions of the latter. C, acu- 

 leata is much more abundant than C. islandica. I do not re- 

 member to have gathered it in fruit here, but I have found it 

 fertile in the Pentlands. 



Peltigera canina and P. polydactyla are common among Moss 

 on the hill-heaths above Muirhall. 



Various Umbilicarias occur on Birnam Hill and the Dunkeld 

 Highlands, but these do not properly fall within the district I 

 have described; they are essentially montane or alpine species, 

 but I have met with some of them at comparatively low eleva- 

 tions, and in lowland districts; for instance, on a wall a short 

 way up the hill, immediately behind the mineral spring of Inver- 

 leithen. 



Parmelia amplissima I have found sparingly on rocks on 

 Craigie Hill, above the tunnel of the Scottish Central Bailway, 

 through the hill of MoncrieflF, and facing the Edinburgh high- 

 road. It is neither fertile nor very glomuliferous. P. pulveru- 

 lenta is abundant, and in fine fructification on roadside trees, 

 especially the Ash and Oak, and on roadside walls around Perth ; 

 for instance, on the old Scone road. It presents great variety in 

 the degree of pruinosity of the thallus and apothecia, in the co- 

 lour of the thallus, and in the form and size of its lacinise, and 

 it appears to me sometimes to pass into, or, on superficial exami- 

 nation, to be indistinguishable from, P. stellaris, which is also 

 very common in similar habitats. The varieties hispida and 

 tenella of the latter species (Schserer), which include the Borrera 



