314 WELSH BOTANY. [January, 



time high enough to see^ south across the Pass^ the perfectly clear 

 summit of Snowdon (Y-Wyddfa), and at north-west Penrhyn 

 Castle and the seaward end of the Pass of Nant Francon, Beau- 

 maris and the Priestholm Island being conspicuous ; but Bangor 

 itself is concealed by the mountain called Y-Garn, the highest 

 land between Twll-du chasm and Carnarvon. Proceeding from 

 this highest point of the great Glyder in a north-east direction, 

 we have full in view, right across the valley, Cwm and Llyn Id- 

 wall, the centre of the Pass of Nant Francon, right over Llyn 

 Ogwen, upon the opposite side, Carnedd Llewelyn and Carnedd 

 David, and the mountains towards Conway, etc. I should tell 

 you there is another rather small lake called Llyn Bochlwyd, in 

 a hollow, upon a higher level considerably than Llyn Idwall, 

 which is again a higher level than Llyn Ogwen, the lowest of all 

 the three. 



Now we begin to descend by a lower part of the ridge towards 

 the lesser Glyder (Glyder bach), and horrid-to-go-down in places I 

 assure you it is ; but it is this beginning of the descent into Cwm 

 Idwall, upon the north and north face and fissures and interesting 

 little ledges of the perpendicular precipices just here, where the 

 most of the rare plants grow. Lloydia (in fruit) in great abun- 

 dance j Car ex atrata and Saussurea alpina most beautiful ; the 

 opposite-leaved aud three other Saxifrages very ornamental. After 

 having reached the first level or landing-place of the descent on 

 this side, we come to a lower, very easy-of-access rock of some 

 extent, covered with the Dryas octopetala, Gnaphalium dioicum, 

 Galium boreale, Asplenium viride, Ruta-muraria, and septen- 

 trionale, Dwarf Juniper, Thrift, Sea Plantain, Sea Scurvy- 

 Grass, and all such plants as are at Twll-du. This rock Williams 

 calls the Rake or Hake-handle (Bech y Gribliyon) . Its direction 

 is thus : the front looks straight towards Llyn Ogwen, on the left- 

 hand Llyn Idwall, on the right-hand Llyn Bochlwyd ; from this 

 latter point, if you ascend from the Pass of Nant Francon, it is 

 the must easily reached. We did not descend quite to the level 

 of Llyn Idwall, but we skirted it, crossing all the three or four 

 descending torrents, including that of Twll-du, at about midway, 

 and gradually scrambled up to the ridge and moor a little to the 

 west of the chasm. 



This day's walk and work will be remembered with pleasure 

 long by me, and I think by Williams too, for he enjoyed it ex- 



