620 THIESK NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. [Novembei', 



of 660 feet. In Keasclon and the fells on each side of the dale 

 opposite to it^ the top of the upper band of the limestone is 

 1600 feet high, and in the eighteen miles eastward to Rich- 

 mond it sinks to 300 feet, and above comes on the millstone 

 grit. 



" In mentioning the species which fell under our attention, I 

 Avill give, where it seems important, as accurate an estimate of 

 their altitude as I can, in leaps of fifty yards, counting as 

 nothing aught short of fifty. We arrived at Reeth from Rich- 

 mond about noon on the 15th instant, and took the road that 

 leads up the north side of the dale. Near Reeth occur Rubus 

 villicaulis, carpinifolius, and rudis, and plenty of Rumex aqua- 

 ticus, which latter continues up the dale to some distance west 

 of Keld (400 yards). Here Calvey on the north side of the 

 river attains 1600, and on the south Satron Hangers 1760 feet. 

 On the banks of the beck at Healaugh (200 yards), grow 

 Equisetum hyemale, Arenaria verna, Festuca rubra, Solidago 

 Virgaurea, and the radiate form of Centaurea nigra. By the 

 Swale-side, a little higher up, are Ribes petr(Bum, Myrrhis 

 odorata, Cochlearia officinalis, Salix Smithiana, S. phylicifolia, 

 and Hypnum rivulare, and in the hedge-bank, Hieracium triden- 

 tatum. At Feethams the middle limestone forms a kind of scar 

 on the hillside above the village. On the walls are Hypnum 

 murale and glareosum, and in the bed of a little streamlet that 

 trickles down the bank, Hypnum crassinervium and Cinclidotus 

 fontinaloides. Between Low Row and Gunnerside the bank of 

 the hillside is covered by a natural wood, made up mostly of 

 Hazel, but containing also Birch, Ash, Oak, Rowan, Holly, Bird- 

 Cherry, Rose, Bramble, and Willow bushes. Here and there are 

 scattered trees of Sycamore, and I have often suspected that the 

 species is an aboriginal inhabitant of some of our dale woods. 

 But though undoubtedly self-propagated by seed in many such 

 places, it is planted so commonly about villages and farmhouses 

 that at present I would not by any means undertake to assert 

 that it is not within the limits of possibility that the seeds may 

 have found their way originally from the planted trees to the 

 woods. On the dry, calcareous banks in these woods grow 

 Hieracium casium and murorum, Anthyllis Vulneraria, Scabiosa 

 Columbaria, Gnaphalium dioicum, Poterium Sanguisorba, Heli- 

 anthemum vulgare ; on tumbled rocks, Grimmia trichophylla ; and 



