INDEX 
Sampling, finite pulse width, 14, 21-23, 
255-256 
impulse approximation, 19-23 
Sampling instant, 1, 13 
Sampling interval, 12 
Sampling operation, 1 
Sampling process, 12-28 
mathematical description of, 13-16 
Sampling theorem, 16-19 
Saturation, design of sampled-data sys- 
tems with, 181-186 
Sidebands, most important, design of 
systems using, 130-133 
Spectra of sampled signals, 20 
Spectrum, power, of random signal, 
259-267 
of sampled signal, 15 
Stability of sampled-data systems, 93- 
105 
definition of, 94 
modified Routh-Hurwitz criterion, 
98-100 
necessary and sufficient conditions 
for, 95 
use of transfer locus to determine, 
100-105 
Staircase data hold (see Zero-order data 
hold) 
Staleness factor, implementation of 
systems using, 163-169 
value minimizing integrated-square 
error, 167-169 
State variable, 173 
Sum of squares of sample sequence, 
78-79 
Systems, analogue, 1 
continuous, 1 
sampled-data (see Sampled-data 
systems) 
Tables, of advanced z transforms, 318- 
319 
331 
Tables, of integrated-square error se- 
quences, 180 
of minimal prototype response func- 
tions, 151 
of output transforms of basic sam- 
pled-data systems, 320 
of z forms, 298 
of z transforms, 314-317 
Time-varying continuous systems, ap- 
proximation using sampling tech- 
niques, 301-304 
Transfer locus, pulse, 100-105 
Two-sided z transform, 79-83 
z, auxiliary variable, 538-54 
definition of, 53 
z plane, definition of, 53 
relation to s plane, 53-54 
z transform, 52-83 
advanced, 64-66 
table of, 318-319 
use of, to determine ripple, 212- 
217 
closed form, 57 
delayed, 64 
inversion of, 57-61 
by contour integration, 58 
by long division, 60-61 
mathematical derivation, 54-57 
modified (see advanced, above) 
table of, 314-317 
two-sided, 79-83 
Z transformation, 7—10 
Zero-order data hold, 34-37, 49-50, 
123-124 
approximation by continuous ele- 
ment, 123-124 
frequency response of, 36 
network representation of, 49-50 
transfer function of, 35 
