MATTHAI— RECENT COLONIAL ASTR^ID^ 41 



3 mm. Two large specimens (25-5 x 14 x 13 cm.) from the Ked Sea, named Solenastrcea 

 chalcidicum, are identical with my exaixiples of C serailia. 



Ehrenberg's type of Favia microphthalma is a small specimen (6x6 cm.) with short 

 hillocks, greatly resembling the present species, its septa have rough sides, the primaries 

 being often thicker than the secondaries, both orders meeting the columella (PL 38, 

 figs. 1 and 5). A specimen (13 x 13 cm.) of the " Gazelle " expedition from New Hanover, 

 referred by Studer to' his new species CyphastrcBa capitata resembles the present species 

 in most respects. Similar to this is another small specimen (8x6 cm.), badly cleaned, from 

 " Meermaidstrasse," N.W. Australia, which Studer referred to C. microphthalma (Lam.). 

 Marenzeller has already pointed out Klunzinger's error in regarding Madrepora incrustans 

 (Forsk.) as a Gyphastrea, and has identified Forskal's original to be a Turhinaria. 



Localities. EedSea(3)*. Maldives, Hulule (2). Amirante, 16 fms. (l), 30 fms. (1). 

 Saya de Malha, 20 fms. (l), 26 fms. (l). Also from New Hanover and N.W. Australia 

 (Studer), and French Somahland (Vaughan). 



2. Cyphastrea chalcidicum, Klunzinger (PI. 7, figs. 1,5; PL 12, figs. 1 — 3 ; PL 14, 

 fig. 1). 



1775. Madrepora chalcidicum, Forsk§,l, Descr. Anim. in Itin. Orient., p. 136. 



? 1848. Astrcea (Orbicella) ocellina, Dana, Expl. exp. Zooph., p. 218, pi. 10, fig. 10. 



? 1848. Astrcea (Orbicella) microphtalma, Dana, Expl. exp. Zooph., p. 217, pi. 10, fig. 11. 



1850. Solenastrea hemprichiana, Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., S'' ser., xii, p. 121 (non 



C. hemprichana, Gardiner). 

 ? 1850. Solenastrea hournonii, Milne Edwards, and Haime, Ann. Soi. Nat., Zool., 3"= ser., xii, p. 121. 

 1850. Solenastrea bowerbankii, Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 3" s^r., xii, p. 122. 

 1850. Solenastrea gibbosa, Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 3"= ser., xii, p. 122. 

 1857. Gyphastrma ? ocellina, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., ii, p. 487. 

 1857. Cyphastrcaa 1 danai, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., ii, p. 487. 

 1857. Solenastrcea hempricliana, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., ii, p. 495. 

 1857. Solenastrcea gibbosa, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., ii, p. 496. 

 1857. Solenastrcea bowerbanki, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., ii. p. 498. 

 1879. Cyphastroia chalcidicum, Klunzinger, Korall. Rotli. Meer., iii, p. 53, pi. 5, fig. 8; pi. 10, figs. 11 a — c. 

 1886. Cyphastrcea brueggemanni, Queloh, Reef Corals, Challenger Reports, Zool., vol. xvi, pt. xlvii, p. 107, 



pi. 4, figs. 4 — 4 a. 

 1899. Cyphastraa sctvignyi, Gardiner, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 761, pi. 49, fig. 1 (non Gyphastrcea 



savignyi, Milne Edwards and Haime). 

 1901. Gpyhastrcea ocellina, Studer, Zool. Jahrb., xl, p. 402, pi. 30, fig. 10. 

 1904. Gyphastrcea savignyi, Gardiner, Fauna Geogr. Maldives and Laccadives, ii, p. 779. 

 ? 1907. Gyphastrea ocellina, Vaughan, Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan, U.S. Nat. 



Mus., Bull. 59, p. 103, pi. 25, figs. 4, 5, 5a, pi. 26, fig. 1. 



Corallum. More or less rounded and completely covered with corallites, or raised into 

 hillocks. Peritheca vesicular in parts, with scattered blunt spines, walls of vesicles some- 

 what thicker than in C serailia. Corallites about 1 mm. apart, in some places level with 

 general surface, maximum projection 1 mm., walls thin. Calices usually about 2 mm. in 

 diameter, deeper than in last species, clearly visible owing to comparative thinness and 

 smoothness of septa. Septa more exsert than in C serailia, sides slightly rough or 

 smooth, marginal teeth slender and spinous, in some cases approaching condition found in 

 C. suvadivce ; primaries usually as thin as secondaries, both orders reaching columella. 



* The numbers in brackets refer to the numbers of specimens examined from each locality. 

 SECOND SERIES— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVII. 6 



